Protein glycosylation modification in Pichia pastoris

ABSTRACT

The present invention provides genetically engineered strains of Pichia capable of producing proteins with reduced glycosylation. In particular, the genetically engineered strains of the present invention are capable of expressing either or both of an (α-1,2-mannosidase and glucosidase II. The genetically engineered strains of the present invention can be further modified such that the OCH1 gene is disrupted. Methods of producing glycoproteins with reduced glycosylation using such genetically engineered stains of Pichia are also provided.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/215,676, filed Jun. 30, 2000.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to methods and vectors useful for genetically modifying the glycosylation process in methylotrophic yeast strains for the purpose of producing glycoproteins with reduced glycosylation. The present invention further relates to methylotrophic yeast strains generated using the present methods and vectors, as well as glycoproteins produced from such genetically modified strains.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The methylotrophic yeasts including Pichia pastoris have been widely used for production of recombinant proteins of commercial or medical importance. However, production and medical applications of some therapeutic glycoproteins can be hampered by the differences in the protein-linked carbohydrate biosynthesis between these yeasts and the target organism such as a mammalian subject.

Protein N-glycosylation originates in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where an N-linked oligosaccharide (Glc₃Man₉GlcNAc₂) assembled on dolichol (a lipid carrier intermediate) is transferred to the appropriate Asn of a nascent protein. This is an event common to all eukaryotic N-linked glycoproteins. The three glucose residues and one specific α-1,2-linked mannose residue are removed by specific glucosidases and an (α-1,2-mannosidase in the ER, resulting in the core oligosaccharide structure, Man₈GlcNAc₂. The protein with this core sugar structure is transported to the Golgi apparatus where the sugar moiety undergoes various modifications. There are significant differences in the modifications of the sugar chain in the Golgi apparatus between yeast and higher eukaryotes.

In mammalian cells, the modification of the sugar chain proceeds via 3 different pathways depending on the protein moiety to which it is added. That is, (1) the core sugar chain does not change; (2) the core sugar chain is changed by adding the N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate moiety (GlcNAc-1-P) in UDP-N-acetyl glucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) to the 6-position of mannose in the core sugar chain, followed by removing the GlcNAc moiety to form an acidic sugar chain in the glycoprotein; or (3) the core sugar chain is first converted into Man₅GlcNAc₂ by removing 3 mannose residues with mannosidase I; Man₅GlcNAc₂ is further modified by adding GlcNAc and removing 2 more mannose residues, followed by sequentially adding GlcNAc, galactose (Gal), and N-acetylneuraminic acid (also called sialic acid (NeuNAc)) to form various hybrid or complex sugar chains (R. Kornfeld and S. Kornfeld, Ann. Rev. Biochem. 54: 631-664, 1985; Chiba et al J. Biol. Chem. 273: 26298-26304, 1998).

In yeast, the modification of the sugar chain in the Golgi involves a series of additions of mannose residues by different mannosyltransferases (“outer chain” glycosylation). The structure of the outer chain glycosylation is specific to the organisms, typically with more than 50 mannose residues in S. cerevisiae, and most commonly with structures smaller than Man₁₄GlcNAc₂ in Pichia pastoris. This yeast-specific outer chain glycosylation of the high mannose type is also denoted hyperglycosylation.

Hyperglycosylation is often undesired since it leads to heterogeneity of a recombinant protein product in both carbohydrate composition and molecular weight, which may complicate the protein purification. The specific activity (units/weight) of hyperglycosylated enzymes may be lowered by the increased portion of carbohydrate. In addition, the outer chain glycosylation is strongly immunogenic which is undesirable in a therapeutic application. Moreover, the large outer chain sugar can mask the immunogenic determinants of a therapeutic protein. For example, the influenza neuraminidase (NA) expressed in P. pastoris is glycosylated with N-glycans containing up to 30-40 mannose residues. The hyperglycosylated NA has a reduced immunogenicity in mice, as the variable and immunodominant surface loops on top of the NA molecule are masked by the N-glycans (Martinet et al. Eur J. Biochem. 247: 332-338, 1997).

Therefore, it is desirable to genetically engineer methylotrophic yeast strains in which glycosylation of proteins can be manipulated and from which recombinant proteins can be produced that would not be compromised in structure or function by large N-glycan side chains.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to methods and vectors useful for genetically modifying the glycosylation process in methylotrophic yeast strains to produce glycoproteins with reduced glycosylation. Methylotrophic yeast strains generated using the present methods and vectors, as well as glycoproteins produced from such genetically modified strains are also provided.

In one embodiment, the present invention provides vectors useful for making genetically engineered methylotrophic yeast strains which are capable of producing glycoproteins with reduced glycosylation.

In one aspect, the present invention provides “knock-in” vectors which are capable of expressing in a methylotrophic yeast strain one or more proteins whose enzymatic activities lead to a reduction of glycosylation in glycoproteins produced by the methylotrophic yeast strain.

In a preferred embodiment, the knock-in vectors of the present invention include a nucleotide sequence coding for an α-1,2-mannosidase or a functional part thereof and are capable of expressing the α-1,2-mannosidase or the functional part in a methylotrophic yeast strain. A preferred nucleotide sequence is a nucleotide sequence encoding the α-1,2-mannosidase of a fungal species, and more preferably, Trichoderma reesei. Preferably, the α-1,2-mannosidase expression vector is engineered such that the α-1,2-mannosidase or a functional part thereof expressed from the vector includes an ER-retention signal. A preferred ER-retention signal is HDEL (SEQ ID NO: 1). The α-1,2-mannosidase coding sequence can be operable linked to a constitutive or inducible promoter, and a 3′ termination sequence. The vectors can be integrative vectors or replicative vectors. Particularly preferred α-1,2-mannosidase expression vectors include pGAPZMFManHDEL, pGAPZMFManMycHDEL, pPICZBMFManMycHDEL, pGAPZmManHDEL, pGAPZmMycManHDEL, pPIC9mMycManHDEL and pGAPZmMycManHDEL.

In another preferred embodiment, the knock-in vectors of the present invention include a sequence coding for a glucosidase II or a functional part thereof and are capable of expressing the glucosidase II or the functional part in a methylotrophic yeast strain. A preferred nucleotide sequence is a nucleotide sequence encoding the glucosidase II of a fungal species, and more preferably, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Preferably, the glucosidase II expression vector is engineered such that the glucosidase II or a functional part thereof expressed from the vector includes an ER-retention signal. A preferred ER-retention signal is HDEL (SEQ ID NO: 1). The glucosidase II coding sequence can be operable linked to a constitutive or inducible promoter, and a 3′ termination sequence. The vectors can be integrative vectors or replicative vectors. Particularly preferred glucosidase II expression vectors include pGAPZAGLSII, pPICZAGLSII, pAOX2ZAGLSII, pYPTIZAGLSII, pGAPADEglsII, pPICADEglsII, pAOX2ADEglsII, pYPTIADEglsII, pGAPZAglsIIHDEL and pGAPADEglsIIHDEL.

Expression vectors which include both of an α-1,2-mannosidase expression unit and a glucosidase II expression unit are also provided by the present invention.

In another aspect, the present invention provides “knock-out” vectors which, when introduced into a methylotrophic yeast strain, inactivate or disrupt a gene thereby facilitating the reduction in the glycosylation of glycoproteins produced in the methylotrophic yeast strain.

In one embodiment, the present invention provides a “knock-out” vector which, when introduced into a methylotrophic yeast strain, inactivates or disrupts the Och1 gene. A preferred Och1 knock-out vector is pBLURA5′PpOCH1.

Still another embodiment of the present invention provides vectors which include both a knock-in unit and a knock-out unit.

Furthermore, any of the knock-in or knock-out vectors of the present invention can also include a nucleotide sequence capable of expressing a heterologous protein of interest in a methylotrophic yeast.

Another embodiment of the present invention provides methods of modifying the glycosylation in a methylotrophic yeast by transforming the yeast with one or more vectors of the present invention.

Strains of a methylotrophic yeast which can be modified using the present methods include, but are not limited to, yeast strains capable of growth on methanol such as yeasts of the genera Candida, Hansenula, Torulopsis, and Pichia. Preferred methylotrophic yeasts are of the genus Pichia. Especially preferred are Pichia pastoris strains GS115 (NRRL Y-15851), GS190 (NRRL Y-18014), PPF1 (NRRL Y-18017), PPY120H, yGC4, and strains derived therefrom. Methylotrophic yeast strains which can be modified using the present methods also include those methylotrophic yeast strains which have been engineered to express one or more heterologous proteins of interest. The glycosylation on the heterologous proteins expressed from these previously genetically engineered strains can be reduced by transforming such strains with one or more of the vectors of the present invention

Methylotrophic yeast strains which are modified by practicing the present methods are provided in another embodiment of the present invention.

A further aspect of the present invention is directed to methods of producing glycoproteins with a reduced glycosylation.

In accordance with such methods, a nucleotide sequence capable of expressing a glycoprotein can be introduced into a methylotrophic yeast strain which has previously been transformed with one or more of the vectors of the present invention. Alternatively, a methylotrophic yeast strain which has been genetically engineered to express a glycoprotein can be transformed with one or more of the vectors of the present invention. Moreover, if a methylotrophic yeast strain is not transformed with a nucleotide sequence encoding a glycoprotein of interest or any of the vectors of the present invention, such yeast strain can be transformed, either consecutively or simultaneously, with both a nucleotide sequence capable of expressing the glycoprotein and one or more vectors of the present invention. Additionally, a methylotrophic yeast strain can be transformed with one or more of the present knock-in and/or knock-out vectors which also include a nucleotide sequence capable of expressing a glycoprotein in the methylotrophic yeast strain.

Glycoproteins products produced by using the methods of the present invention, i.e., glycoproteins with reduced N-glycosylation, are also part of the present invention.

Kits which include one or more of the vectors of the present invention, or one or more strains modified to produce glycoproteins with reduced glycosylation, are also provided.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 depicts vectors carrying an HDEL (SEQ ID NO: 1)-tagged Trichoderma reesei (α-1,2-mannosidase expression cassette and describes the way in which these vectors were constructed according to methods known in the art. Abbreviations used throughout construction schemes: 5′ AOX1 or AOX1 P: Pichia pastoris AOX1 promoter sequence; Amp R: ampicillin resistance gene; ColE1: ColE1 origin of replication; 3′ AOX1:3′ sequences of the Pichia pastoris AOX1 gene; HIS4: HIS4 gene of Pichia pastoris. AOX TT: transcription terminator sequence of the Pichia pastoris AOX1 gene; ORF: open reading frame; S: secretion signal; P TEF1: the promoter sequence of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae transcription elongation factor 1 gene; P EM7: synthetic constitutive prokaryotic promotor EM7; Zeocin: Zeocin resistance gene; CYC1 TT: 3′ end of the S. cerevisiae CYC1 gene; GAP: promoter sequence of the Pichia pastoris glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene; PpURA3: Pichia pastoris URA3 gene. As can be seen in this figure, the Trichoderma reesei α-1,2-mannosidase was operably linked to the coding sequence for the S. cerevisiae α-mating factor secretion signal sequence and further operably linked at the 3′ terminus of the coding sequence to the coding sequence for an HDEL (SEQ ID NO: 1) peptide. The whole fusion construct was operably linked to either the P. pastoris AOX1 promoter (in pPIC9MFManHDEL) or to the P. pastoris GAP promotor (in pGAPZMFManHDEL).

FIG. 2 depicts vectors carrying an HDEL (SEQ ID NO: 1)-tagged Mus musculus α-1,2-mannosidase IB expression cassette and describes the way in which these vectors were constructed according to methods known in the art. As can be seen in this figure, the catalytic domain of the Mus musculus α-1,2-mannosidase IB was operably linked to the coding sequence for the S. cerevisiae α-mating factor secretion signal sequence and further operably linked at the 3′ terminus of the coding sequence to the coding sequence for an HDEL (SEQ ID NO: 1) peptide. The whole fission construct was operably linked to either the P. pastoris AOX1 promoter (in pPIC9mManHDEL) or to the P. pastoris GAP promotor (in pGAPZmManHDEL). Furthermore, variants of the expression cassette were made in which the coding sequence for a cMyc epitope tag was inserted between the coding sequence for the S. cerevisiae α-Mating Factor secretion signal sequence and the coding sequence for the catalytic domain of the Mus musculus α-1,2-mannosidase IB. This expression cassette was also operably linked to either the P. pastoris AOX1 promoter (in pPIC9mMycManHDEL) or to the P. pastoris GAP promotor (in pGAPZmMycManHDEL).

FIG. 3 depicts vectors carrying a MycHDEL tagged Trichoderma reesei α-1,2-mannosidase and the way in which these vectors were obtained. The resulting fission construction was again operably linked to either the P. pastoris AOX1 promoter (in pPICZBMFManMycHDEL) or to the P. pastoris GAP promotor (in pGAPZMFManMycHDEL).

FIG. 4 demonstrates the intracellular localization of the MycHDEL-tagged Trichoderma reesei α-1,2-mannosidase and indicates ER-targeting by immunofluorescence analysis. Panel A Western blotting. Yeast strains were grown in 10 ml YPG cultures to an OD₆₀₀=10, diluted fivefold and grown in YPM for 48 h. {fraction (1/50)}th of the culture medium and {fraction (1/65)}th of the cells were analysed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting with the mouse monoclonal 9E10 anti-Myc antibody. The position of molecular weight marker proteins are indicated with arrows. Lanes 1-5: cellular lysates. 1,2: pGAPZMFManMycHDEL transformants. 3: non-transformed PPY12OH (negative control). 4,5: pPICZBMFManMycHDEL transformants. Lanes 6-10: culture media. 6: non transformed PPY12OH (negative control). 7,8: pGAPZMFManMycHDEL transformants. 9,10: pPICZBMFManMycHDEL transformants. Panel B Immunofluorescence microscopy. 1: phase contrast image of a P. pastoris cell (strain PPY12OH transformed with pGAPZMFManHDEL) at 1000× magnification. The nucleus is visible as an ellipse in the lower right quadrant of the cell. 2: same cell as in 1, but in fluorescence microscopy mode to show localization of the T. reesei mannosidase-Myc-HDEL protein. The protein is mainly localized in a circular distribution around the nucleus (nuclear envelope), which is typical for an endoplasmic reticulum steady-state distribution. 3: phase contrast image of a P. pastoris cell (strain PPY12OH transformed with pGAPZMFManHDEL) at 1000× magnification. 4: same cell in fluorescence microscopy to show localization of the Golgi marker protein OCH1-HA in P. pastoris strain PPY12OH. The dot-like distribution throughout the cytoplasm, with 3-4 dots per cell is typical for cis-Golgi distribution in P. pastoris.

FIG. 5 depicts the co-sedimentation of mannosidase-MycHDEL with Protein Disulfide Isomerase in sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The top panel shows the distribution over the different fractions of the sucrose gradient of the OCH1-HA Golgi marker protein. The middle panel shows this distribution for the Protein Disulfide Isomerase endoplasmic reticulum marker protein. Finally, the bottom panel shows the distribution of the MycHDEL-tagged Trichoderma reesei α-1,2-mannosidase over the same fractions. It is concluded that the mannosidase-MycHDEL almost exactly matches the distribution of the ER marker PDI and thus mainly resides in the ER of the Pichia pastoris yeast cells.

FIG. 6 depicts the N-glycan analysis of Trypanosoma cruzi trans-sialidase coexpressed with Trichoderma reesei mannosidase-HDEL. Panel A: malto-oligosaccharide size reference ladder. Sizes of the glycans are expressed in Glucose Units (GU) by comparison of their electrophoretic mobility to the mobility of these malto-oligosaccharides. Panel B: N-glycans derived from recombinant Trypanosoma cruzi trans-sialidase expressed in Pichia pastoris. The peak at GU=9,2 corresponds to Man₈GlcNAc₂. Panel C: same analytes as panel 2, but after overnight treatment with 3 U/ml purified recombinant T. reesei α-1,2-mannosidase. Panel D: N-glycans derived from recombinant trans-sialidase co-expressed in Pichia pastoris with T. reesei mannosidase-HDEL (under control of the GAP promotor). The peak at GU=7,6 corresponds to the Man₅GlcNAc₂ peak in the profile of RNase B (Panel F). Panel E: same analytes as panel D, but after overnight treatment with 3 mU/ml purified recombinant T. reesei α-1,2-mannosidase. Panel F: N-glycans derived from bovine RNase B. These glycans consist of Man₅GlcNAc₂ to Man₈GlcNAc₂. Different isomers are resolved, accounting for the number of peaks for Man₇GlcNAc₂.

FIG. 7 depicts the processing of influenza haemagglutinin N-glycans by HDEL (SEQ ID NO: 1)-tagged Trichoderma reesei α-1,2-mannosidase and the HDEL (SEQ ID NO: 1)-tagged catalytic domain of murine α-1,2-mannosidase IB. The Man₅GlcNAc₂ reference oligosaccharide runs at scan 1850 in this analysis (not shown). Panel 1: malto-oligosaccharide size reference ladder. Panel 2: N-glycans derived from recombinant influenza haemagglutinin expressed in Pichia pastoris. The peak at scan 2250 corresponds to Man₉GlcNAc₂. Panel 3: N-glycans derived from recombinant haemagglutinin co-expressed in Pichia pastoris with T. reesei mannosidase-HDEL (under control of the GAP promotor). The peak at scan 1950 corresponds to Man₆GlcNAc₂. Panel 4: Same analytes as for panel 3, but after overnight treatment with 30 mU purified recombinant T. reesei α-1,2-mannosidase. Panel 5: N-glycans derived from recombinant haemagglutinin co-expressed in Pichia pastoris with mouse mannosidase IB-HDEL (under control of the GAP promotor). Panel 6: same analytes as for panel 5, but after overnight treatment with 30 mU purified recombinant T. reesei α-1,2-mannosidase.

FIG. 8 graphically depicts vector pBLURA5′PpOCH1 and the way in which it was constructed.

FIG. 9 depicts the scheme for disrupting the Pichia pastoris OCH1 gene by single homologous recombination using pBLURA5′PpOCH1.

FIG. 10 depicts the cell wall glycoprotein N-glycan analysis of the Och1-inactivated clone and three clones derived from this Och1-inactivated clone by transformation with pGAPZMFManHDEL. Panel 1 shows the analysis of a mixture of malto-oligosaccharides, the degree of polymerisation of which is given by the numbers on the very top of the figure. This analysis serves as a size reference for the other panels. On the vertical axis of all panels, peak intensity in relative fluorescence units is given. Panel 2-6: analysis of the cell wall glycoprotein N-glycans of the following strains: Panel 2, non-engineered P. pastoris strain yGC4; Panel 3, yGC4 transformed with pBLURA5′PpOch1; 4-6, three clones of the strain of Panel 3, supplementarily transformed with pGAPZMFManHDEL. Panel 7: the N-glycans derived from bovine RNaseB, consisting of a mixture of Man₅₋₉GlcNAc₂. As can be seen from comparison between panel 2 and 3 and reference to panel 7, transformation with pBLURA5′PpOch1 leads to a strongly increased abundance of the Man₈GlcNAc₂ substrate N-glycan (named peak 1 in Panel 2) of OCH1p. Peak 2 represents the Man₉GlcNAc₂ product of OCH1p. Furthermore, upon supplementary transformation of pGAPZMFManHDEL, the major glycan on the cell wall glycoproteins of three independent clones is the Man₅GlcNAc₂ end product (peak 3 in panel 4) of T. reesei α-1,2-mannosidase digestion of the Man₈GlcNAc₂ substrate.

FIG. 11 depicts the analysis of exactly the same glycan mixtures as in FIG. 10, but after an in vitro digest with 3 mU/ml purified Trichoderma reesei α-1,2-mannosidase, overnight in 20 mM sodium acetate pH=5.0. Axis assignment is the same as in FIG. 10. More Man₅GlcNAc₂ is formed in the pBLURA5′PpOch1 transformed strain (Panel 3) than in the parent strain (Panel 2). Peaks in all panels before scan 3900 come from contaminants and should be ignored in the analysis.

FIG. 12 depicts the expression vector pGAPZAGLSII (SEQ ID NO: 18). P TEF1: promotor of S. cerevisiae transcription elongation factor gene. P Em7: synthetic prokaryotic promotor. Zeocin: zeocine resistance marker gene. CYC1 TT: transcription terminator of S. cerevisiae cytochrome C1 gene. Co1 E1: bacterial origin of replication. GAP: promotor of the P. pasttoris GAP gene. GLS2: S. cerevisiae glucosidase II gene. AOX1 TT: transcription terminator of the P. pastoris AOX1 gene

FIG. 13 depicts the expression vector pAOX2ZAGLSII (SEQ ID NO: 16). P TEF1: promotor of S. cerevisiae transcription elongation factor gene. P Em7: synthetic prokaryotic promotor. Zeocin: zeocine resistance marker gene. CYC1 TT: transcription terminator of S. cerevisiae cytochrome C1 gene. Co1 E1: bacterial origin of replication. AOX2 P: promotor of the P. pastoris AOX2 gene. GLS2: S. cerevisiae glucosidase II gene. AOX1 TT: transcription terminator of the P. pastoris AOX1 gene

FIG. 14 depicts the expression vector pPICZAGLSII (SEQ ID NO: 20). P TEF1: promotor of S. cerevisiae transcription elongation factor gene. P Em7: synthetic prokaryotic promotor. Zeocin: zeocine resistance marker gene. CYC1 TT: transcription terminator of S. cerevisiae cytochrome C1 gene. Co1 E1: origin of replication. AOX1 P: promotor of the P. pastoris AOX1 gene. GLS2: S. cerevisiae glucosidase II gene. AOX1 TT: transcription terminator of the P. pastoris AOX1 gene

FIG. 15 depicts the expression vector pYPT1ZAGLSII ((SEQ ID NO: 22). P TEF1: promotor of S. cerevisiae transcription elongation factor gene. P Em7: synthetic prokaryotic promotor. Zeocin: zeocine resistance marker gene. CYC1 TT: transcription terminator of S. cerevisiae cytochrome C1 gene. Co1 E1: origin of replication. P YPT1: promotor of the P. pastoris YPT1 gene. GLS2: S. cerevisiae glucosidase II gene. AOX1 TT: transcription terminator of the P. pastoris AOX1 gene.

FIG. 16 depicts the expression vector pGAPADE1glsII (SEQ ID NO: 19). Amp R: Ampillicin resistance marker gene. ADE1: P. pastoris ADE1 selection marker gene. GAP: promotor of the P. pastoris GAP gene. GLS2: S. cerevisiae glucosidase II gene. AOX1 TT: transcription terminator of the P. pastoris AOX1 gene

FIG. 17 depicts the expression vector pAOX2ADE1glsII (SEQ ID NO: 17). Amp R: Ampillicin resistance marker gene. ADE1: P. pastoris ADE1 selection marker gene. AOX2 P: promotor of the P. pastoris AOX2 gene. GLS2: S. cerevisiae glucosidase II gene. AOX1 TT: transcription terminator of the P. pastoris AOX1 gene.

FIG. 18 depicts the expression vector pPICADE1glsII (SEQ ID NO: 21). Amp R: Ampillicin resistance marker gene. ADE1: P. pastoris ADE1 selection marker gene. AOX1 P: promotor of the P. pastoris AOX1 gene. GLS2: S. cerevisiae glucosidase II gene. AOX1 TT: transcription terminator of the P. pastoris AOX1 gene.

FIG. 19 depicts the expression vector pYPT1ADE1glsII (SEQ ID NO: 23). Amp R: Ampillicin resistance marker gene. ADE1:P. pastoris ADE1 selection marker gene. P YPT1: promotor of the P. pastoris YPT1 gene. GLS2: S. cerevisiae glucosidase II gene. AOX1 TT: transcription terminator of the P. pastoris AOX1 gene.

FIG. 20 depicts the expression vector pGAPZAglsIIHDEL (SEQ ID NO: 24). Amp R: Ampillicin resistance marker gene. ADE1: P. pastoris ADE1 selection marker gene. GAP: promotor of the P. pastoris GAP gene. GLS2: S. cerevisiae glucosidase II gene. AOX1 TT: transcription terminator of the P. pastoris AOX1 gene.

FIG. 21 depicts the expression vector pGAPADE1glsIIHDEL (SEQ ID NO: 25). P TEF1: promotor of S. cerevisiae transcription elongation factor gene. P Em7: synthetic prokaryotic promotor. Zeocin: zeocine resistance marker gene. CYC1 TT: transcription terminator of S. cerevisiae cytochrome C1 gene. Co1 E1: bacterial origin of replication. GAP: promotor of the P. pastoris GAP gene. GLS2: S. cerevisiae glucosidase II gene. AOX1 TT: transcription terminator of the P. pastoris AOX1 gene.

FIG. 22 depicts the test of the GLSII activity assay using a commercially available yeast alpha-glucosidase (Sigma: Cat. No. G-5003). The assay mixture contains phosphate-citrate buffer pH 6.8, mannose, 2-deoxy-D-glucose, the substrate 4-methylumbellyferyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside and alpha-glucosidase from Sigma. 1: assay mixture illuminated with UV-light after overnight incubation at 37° C.; 2: same as 1, but this time, the assay mixture lacks the alpha-glucosidase; 3: same as 1, but this time, the assay mixture lacks the substrate.

FIG. 23 depicts the results of the activity of recombinantly expressed GLSII from Pichia pastoris. All assay mixtures were incubated overnight at 37° C. and afterwards illuminated with UV-light. 1: assay with yeast alpha-glucosidase (Sigma: Cat. No. G-5003); 2: assay with the purified medium of strain 18 (PPY12-OH transformed with pGAPZAGLSII); 3: assay with purified medium of the WT PPY12-OH strain; 4: assay with the purified medium of strain H3 (PPY12-OH transformed with pGAPZAglsIIHDEL).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

It has been established that the majority of N-glycans on glycoproteins leaving the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of Pichia have the core Man₈GlcNAc₂ oligosaccharide structure. After the proteins are transported from the ER to the Golgi apparatus, additional mannose residues are added to this core sugar moiety by different mannosyltransferases, resulting in glycoproteins with large mannose side chains. Such hyperglycosylation of recombinant glycoproteins is undesirable in many instances. Accordingly, the present invention provides methods and vectors for genetically modifying methylotrophic yeast strains to produce glycoproteins with reduced glycosylation. Methylotrophic yeast strains generated using the present methods and vectors, as well as glycoproteins produced from such genetically modified strains are also provided.

In one embodiment, the present invention provides vectors useful for genetically modifying methylotrophic yeast strains to produce glycoproteins with reduced glycosylation.

In one aspect, the present invention provides “knock-in” vectors which are capable of expressing in a methylotrophic yeast strain one or more proteins whose enzymatic activities lead to a reduction of glycosylation in glycoproteins produced by the methylotrophic yeast strain. According to the present invention, such proteins include, e.g., an α-1,2-mannosidase, a glucosidase II, or functional parts thereof.

In a preferred embodiment, the vectors of the present invention include a sequence coding for an α-1,2-mannosidase or a functional part thereof and are capable of expressing the α-1,2-mannosidase or the functional part in a methylotrophic yeast strain.

An α-1,2-mannosidase cleaves the α-1,2-linked mannose residues at the non-reducing ends of Man₈GlcNAc₂, and converts this core oligosaccharide on glycoproteins to Man₅GlcNAc₂. In vitro, Man₅GlcNAc₂ is a very poor substrate for any Pichia Golgi mannosyltransferase, i.e., mannose residues can not be added to this sugar structure. On the other hand, Man₅GlcNAc₂ is the acceptor substrate for the mammalian N-acetylglucosaminyl-transferase I and is an intermediate for the hybrid- and complex-type sugar chains characteristic of mammalian glycoproteins. Thus, by way of introducing an α-1,2-mannosidase into methylotrophic yeasts such as Pichia, glycoproteins with reduced mannose content can be produced.

According to the present invention, the nucleotide sequence encoding an α-1,2-mannosidase for use in the expression vector of the present invention can derive from any species. A number of α-1,2-mannosidase genes have been cloned and are available to those skilled in the art, including mammalian genes encoding, e.g., a murine α-1,2-mannosidase (Herscovics et al. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 9864-9871, 1994), a rabbit α-1,2-mannosidase (Lal et al. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 9872-9881, 1994) or a human α-1,2-mannosidase (Tremblay et al. Glycobiology 8: 585-595, 1998), as well as fungal genes encoding, e.g., an Aspergillus α-1,2-mannosidase (msdS gene), a Trichoderma reesei α-1,2-mannosidase (Maras et al. J. Biotechnol. 77: 255-263, 2000), or a Saccharomyces cerevisiae α-1,2-mannosidase. Protein sequence analysis has revealed a high degree of conservation among the eukaryotic α-1,2-mannosidases identified so far.

Preferably, the nucleotide sequence for use in the present vectors encodes a fungal α-1,2-mannosidase, more preferably, a Trichoderma reesei α-1,2-mannosidase, and more particularly, the Trichoderma reesei α-1,2-mannosidase described by Maras et al. J. Biotechnol. 77: 255-63 (2000).

According to the present invention, the nucleotide sequence can also code for only a functional part of an α-1,2-mannosidase.

By “functional part” is meant a polypeptide fragment of an α-1,2-mannosidase which substantially retains the enzymatic activity of the full-length protein. By “substantially” is meant at least about 40%, or preferably, at least 50% or more of the enzymatic activity of the full-length α-1,2-mannosidase is retained. For example, as illustrated by the present invention, the catalytic domain of the murine α-1,2-mannosidase IB constitutes a “functional part” of the murine α-1,2-mannosidase IB. Those skilled in the art can readily identify and make functional parts of an α-1,2-mannosidase using a combination of techniques known in the art. Predictions of the portions of an α-1,2-mannosidase essential to or sufficient to confer the enzymatic activity can be made based on analysis of the protein sequence. The activity of a portion of an α-1,2-mannosidase of interest, expressed and purified from an appropriate expression system, can be verified using in vitro or in vivo assays described hereinbelow.

In accordance with the present invention, an α-1,2-mannosidase or a functional part thereof expressed in a methylotrophic yeast strain preferably is targeted to a site in the secretory pathway where Man₈GlcNAc₂ (the substrate of α-1,2-mannosidase) is already formed on a glycoprotein, but has not reached a Golgi glycosyltransferase which elongates the sugar chain with additional mannose residues.

Accordingly, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the α-1,2-mannosidase expression vector is engineered as such that the α-1,2-mannosidase or a functional part thereof expressed from the vector includes an ER-retention signal.

“An ER retention signal” refers to a peptide sequence which directs a protein having such peptide sequence to be transported to and retained in the ER. Such ER retention sequences are often found in proteins that reside and function in the ER.

Multiple choices of ER retention signals are available to those skilled in the art, e.g., the first 21 amino acid residues of the S. cerevisiae ER protein MNS1 (Martinet et al. Biotechnology Letters 20: 1171-1177, 1998). A preferred ER retention signal for use in the present invention is peptide HDEL (SEQ ID NO: 1). The HDEL (SEQ ID NO: 1) peptide sequence, found in the C-terminus of a number of yeast proteins, acts as a retention/retrieval signal for the ER (Pelham EMBO J. 7: 913-918, 1988). Proteins with an HDEL (SEQ ID NO: 1) sequence are bound by a membrane-bound receptor (Erd2p) and then enter a retrograde transport pathway for return to the ER from the Golgi apparatus.

According to the present invention, an ER retention signal can be placed anywhere in the protein sequence of an α-1,2-mannosidase, but preferably at the C-terminus of the α-1,2-mannosidase.

The α-1,2-mannosidase for use in the present invention can be further modified, e.g., by insertion of an epitope tag to which antibodies are available, such as Myc, HA, FLAG and His6 tags well-known in the art. An epitope-tagged α-1,2-mannosidase can be conveniently purified, or monitored for both expression and intracellular localization.

An ER retention signal and an epitope tag can be readily introduced into a protein of interest by inserting nucleotide sequences coding for such signal or tag into the nucleotide sequence encoding the protein of interest, using any of the molecular biology techniques known in the art.

In another preferred embodiment, the vectors of the present invention include a sequence coding for a glucosidase II or a functional part thereof and are capable of expressing the glucosidase II or the functional part in the methylotrophic yeast strain.

It has been established that the initial N-linked oligosaccharide (Glc₃Man₉GlcNAc₂), transferred in the ER onto a protein, is cleaved in the ER by specific glucosidases to remove the glucose residues, and by a mannosidase to remove one specific α-1,2-linked mannose. It has been observed by the present inventors that some recombinant proteins expressed in Pichia have residual glucose residues on the sugar moiety when such proteins leave the ER for the Golgi apparatus. The residual glucose molecules present on the sugar structure prevent the complete digestion of the sugar moiety by an α-1,2-mannosidase, and the introduction of an exogenous glucosidase can facilitate the removal of these glucose residues.

According to the present invention, the nucleotide sequence encoding a glucosidase II can derive from any species. Glucosidase II genes have been cloned from a number of mammalian species including rat, mouse, pig and human. The glucosidase II protein from these mammalian species consists of an alpha and a beta subunit. The alpha subunit is about 110 kDa and contains the catalytic activity of the enzyme, while the beta subunit has a C-terminal HDEL (SEQ ID NO: 1) ER-retention sequence and is believed to be important for the ER localization of the enzyme. The glucosidase II gene from S. cerevisiae has also been cloned (ORF YBR229c, located on chromosome II). This gene encodes a protein of about 110 kDa, which shows a high degree of homology to the mammalian alpha subunits.

A preferred glucosidase II gene for use in the present vectors is from a fungal species such as Pichia pastoris and S. cerevisiae. An example of a fungal glucosidase II gene is the S. cerevisiae glucosidase II alpha subunit gene.

According to the present invention, the nucleotide sequence can also encode only a functional part of a glucosidase II. By “functional part” is meant a polypeptide fragment of a glucosidase II which substantially retains the enzymatic activity of the full-length protein. By “substantially” is meant at least about 40%, or preferably, at least 50% or more of the enzymatic activity of the full-length glucosidase II is retained. Functional parts of a glucosidase II can be identified and made by those skilled in the art using a variety of techniques known in the art.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the glucosidase II protein is engineered to include an ER retention signal such that the protein expressed in a methylotrophic yeast strain is targeted to the ER and retains therein for function. ER retention signals are as described hereinabove, e.g., the HDEL (SEQ ID NO: 1) peptide sequence.

The glucosidase II for use in the present invention can be further modified, e.g., by insertion of an epitope tag to which antibodies are available, such as Myc, HA, FLAG, and His6 tag, which are well-known in the art.

According to the present invention, the “knock-in” vectors can include either or both of an α-1,2-mannosidase coding sequence and a glucosidase II coding sequence.

Further according to the present invention, the nucleotide sequence coding for the enzyme to be expressed (e.g., an α-1,2-mannosidase or a functional part thereof, or a glucosidase II or a functional part thereof) can be placed in an operable linkage to a promoter and a 3′ termination sequence.

Promoters appropriate for expression of a protein in a methylotrophic yeast can include both constitutive promoters and inducible promoters. Constitutive promoters include e.g., the Pichia pastoris glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter (“the GAP promoter”). Examples of inducible promoters include, e.g., the Pichia pastoris alcohol oxidase I promoter (“the AOXI promoter”) (U.S. Pat. No. 4,855,231), or the Pichia pastoris formaldehyde dehydrogenase promoter (“the FLD promoter”) (Shen et al. Gene 216: 93-102, 1998).

3′ termination sequences are sequences 3′ to the stop codon of a structural gene which function to stabilize the mRNA transcription product of the gene to which the sequence is operably linked, such as sequences which elicit polyadenylation. 3′ termination sequences can be obtained from Pichia or other methylotrophic yeast. Examples of Pichia pastoris 3′ termination sequences useful for the practice of the present invention include termination sequences from the AOX1 gene, p40 gene, HIS4 gene and FLD1 gene.

The vectors of the present invention preferably contain a selectable marker gene. The selectable marker may be any gene which confers a selectable phenotype upon a methylotrophic yeast strain and allows transformed cells to be identified and selected from untransformed cells. The selectable marker system may include an auxotrophic mutant methylotrophic yeast strain and a wild type gene which complements the host's defect. Examples of such systems include the Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Pichia pastoris HIS4 gene which may be used to complement his4 Pichia strains, or the S. cerevisiae or Pichia pastoris ARG4 gene which may be used to complement Pichia pastoris arg mutants. Other selectable marker genes which function in Pichia pastoris include the Zeo^(R) gene, the G418^(R) gene, and the like.

The vectors of the present invention can also include an autonomous replication sequence (ARS). For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,837,148 describes autonomous replication sequences which provide a suitable means for maintaining plasmids in Pichia pastoris. The disclosure of U.S. Pat. No.4,837,148 is incorporated herein by reference.

The vectors can also contain selectable marker genes which function in bacteria, as well as sequences responsible for replication and extrachromosomal maintenance in bacteria. Examples of bacterial selectable marker genes include ampicillin resistance (Amp^(r)), tetracycline resistance (Tet^(r)), neomycin resistance, hygromycin resistance, and zeocin resistance (Zeo^(R)) genes.

According to the present invention, the nucleotide sequence encoding the protein to be expressed in a methylotrophic yeast can be placed in an integrative vector or a replicative vector (such as a replicating circular plasmid).

Integrative vectors are disclosed, e.g., in U.S. Pat. No. 4,882,279 which is incorporated herein by reference. Integrative vectors generally include a serially arranged sequence of at least a first insertable DNA fragment, a selectable marker gene, and a second insertable DNA fragment. The first and second insertable DNA fragments are each about 200 nucleotides in length and have nucleotide sequences which are homologous to portions of the genomic DNA of the species to be transformed. A nucleotide sequence containing a structural gene of interest for expression is inserted in this vector between the first and second insertable DNA fragments whether before or after the marker gene. Integrative vectors can be linearized prior to yeast transformation to facilitate the integration of the nucleotide sequence of interest into the host cell genome.

Replicative and integrative vectors carrying either or both of an α-1,2-mannosidase coding sequence or a glucosidase II coding sequence can be constructed by standard techniques known to one of ordinary skill in the art and found, for example, in Sambrook et al. (1989) in Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, or any of a myriad of laboratory manuals on recombinant DNA technology that are widely available.

Preferred vectors of the present invention carrying an α-1,2-mannosidase expression sequence include pGAPZMFManHDEL, pGAPZMFManMycHDEL, pPICZBMFManMycHDEL, pGAPZmManHDEL, pGAPZmMycManHDEL, pPIC9mMycManHDEL and pGAPZmMycManHDEL, which are further described in the Examples hereinbelow.

Preferred vectors of the present invention carrying a glucosidase II expression sequence include pGAPZAGLSII, pPICZAGLSII, pAOX2ZAGLSII, pYPTIZAGLSII, pGAPADE1glsII, pPICADE1glsII, pAOX2ADE1glsII, pYPTIADE1glsII, pGAPZAglsIIHDEL and pGAPADE1glsIIHDEL, which are further described in the Examples hereinbelow.

In another aspect, the present invention provides “knock-out” vectors which, when introduced into a methylotrophic yeast strain, inactivate or disrupt a gene thereby facilitating the reduction in the glycosylation of glycoproteins produced in the methylotrophic yeast strain.

In one embodiment, the present invention provides a “knock-out” vector which, when introduced into a methylotrophic yeast strain, inactivates or disrupts the Och1 gene.

The S. cerevisiae OCH1 gene has been cloned (Nakayama et al. EMBO J. 11: 2511-2519, 1992). It encodes a membrane bound α-1,6-mannosyltransferase, localized in the early Golgi complex, that is functional in the initiation of α-1,6-polymannose outer chain addition to the N-linked core oligosaccharide (Man₅GlcNAc₂ and Man₈GlcNAc₂) (Nakanishi-Shindo et al. J. Biol Chem. 268: 26338-26345, 1993).

A Pichia sequence has been described in Japanese Patent Application No. 07145005 that encodes a protein highly homologous to the S. cerevisiae OCH1. For purpose of the present invention, this sequence is denoted herein as “the Pichia OCH1 gene”. Those skilled in the art can isolate the OCH1 genes from other methylotrophic yeasts using techniques well known in the art.

According to the present invention, a disruption in the OCH1 gene of a methylotrophic yeast can result in either the production of an inactive protein product or no product. The disruption may take the form of an insertion of a heterologous DNA sequence into the coding sequence and/or the deletion of some or all of the coding sequence. Gene disruptions can be generated by homologous recombination essentially as described by Rothstein (in Methods in Enzymology, Wu et al., eds., vol 101:202-211, 1983).

To disrupt the Och1 gene by homologous recombination, an Och1 knock-out vector can be constructed in such a way to include a selectable marker gene. The selectable marker gene is operably linked, at both 5′ and 3′ end, to portions of the Och1 gene of sufficient length to mediate homologous recombination. The selectable marker can be one of any number of genes which either complement host cell auxotrophy or provide antibiotic resistance, including URA3, LEU2 and HIS3 genes. Other suitable selectable markers include the CAT gene, which confers chloramphenicol resistance on yeast cells, or the lacZ gene, which results in blue colonies due to the expression of active β-galactosidase. Linearized DNA fragments of an Och1 knock-out vector are then introduced into host methylotrophic yeast cells using methods well known in the art. Integration of the linear fragments into the genome and the disruption of the Och1 gene can be determined based on the selection marker and can be verified by, for example, Southern Blot analysis.

Alternatively, an Och1 knock-out vector can be constructed in such a way to include a portion of the Och1 gene to be disrupted, which portion is devoid of any Och1 promoter sequence and encodes none or an inactive fragment of the Och1protein. By “an inactive fragment”, it is meant a fragment of the Och1 protein which has, preferably, less than about 10% and most preferably, about 0% of the activity of the full-length OCH1 protein. Such portion of the OCH1 gene is inserted in a vector in such a way that no known promoter sequence is operably linked to the OCH1 sequence, but that a stop codon and a transcription termination sequence are operably linked to the portion of the Och1 gene. This vector can be subsequently linearized in the portion of the OCH1 sequence and transformed into a methylotrophic yeast strain using any of the methods known in the art. By way of single homologous recombination, this linearized vector is then integrated in the OCH1 gene. Two Och1sequences are produced in the chromosome as a result of the single homologous recombination. The first Och1 sequence is the portion of the Och1 gene from the vector, which is now under control of the OCH1 promoter of the host methylotrophic yeast, yet cannot produce an active OCH1 protein as such Och 1 sequence codes for no or an inactive fragment of the OCH1 protein, as described hereinabove. The second Och1 sequence is a full OCH1 coding sequence, but is not operably linked to any known promoter sequence and thus, no active messenger is expected to be formed for synthesis of an active OCH1 protein. Preferably, an inactivating mutation is introduced in the OCH1 sequence, to the 5′ end of the site of linearization of the vector and to the 3′ end of the translation initiation codon of OCH1. By “inactivating mutation” it is meant a mutation introducing a stop codon, a frameshift mutation or any other mutation causing a disruption of the reading frame. Such mutation can be introduced into an Och1 sequence using any of the site directed mutagenesis methods known in the art. Such inactivating mutation ensures that no functional OCH1 protein can be formed even if there exist some promoter sequences 5′ to the Och1 sequence in the knock-out vector.

A preferred Och1 knock-out vector of the present invention is pBLURA5 ′PpOCH1.

If desired, either or both of a mannosidase expression sequence and a glucosidase expression sequence can be carried on the same plasmid used to disrupt the OCH1 gene to create a “knock-in-and-knock-out” vector.

Additionally, any of the above-described vectors can further include a nucleotide sequence capable of expressing a glycoprotein of interest in a methylotrophic yeast strain.

Another aspect of the present invention is directed to methods of modifying methylotrophic yeast strains to reduce glycosylation on proteins produced by the methylotrophic yeast strains. In accordance with the present methods, methylotrophic yeast strains are modified by transforming into these yeast strains with one or more, i.e., at least one, knock-in and/or knock-out vectors of the present invention as described herein above.

Methylotrophic yeast strains which can be modified using the present methods include but are not limited to yeast capable of growth on methanol such as yeasts of the genera Candida, Hansenula, Torulopsis, and Pichia. A list of species which are exemplary of this class of yeasts can be found in C. Anthony (1982), The Biochemistry of Methylotrophs, 269. Pichia pastoris, Pichia methanolica, Pichia anomola, Hansenula polymorpha and Candida boidinii are examples of methylotrophic yeasts useful in the practice of the present invention. Preferred methylotrophic yeasts are of the genus Pichia. Especially preferred are Pichia pastoris strains GS115 (NRRL Y-15851); GS190 (NRRL Y-18014) disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,818,700; PPF1 (NRRL Y-18017) disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,812,405; PPY120H and yGC4; as well as strains derived therefrom.

Methylotrophic yeast strains which can be modified using the present methods also include those methylotrophic yeast strains which have been genetically engineered to express one or more heterologous glycoproteins of interest. The glycosylation on the heterologous glycoproteins expressed from these previously engineered strains can be reduced by transforming such strains with one or more of the vectors of the present invention.

The vectors of the present invention can be introduced into the cells of a methylotrophic yeast strain using known methods such as the spheroplast technique, described by Cregg et al. 1985, or the whole-cell lithium chloride yeast transformation system, Ito et al. Agric. Biol. Chem. 48:341, modified for use in Pichia as described in EP 312,934. Other published methods useful for transformation of the plasmids or linear vectors include U.S. Pat. No. 4,929,555; Hinnen et al. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 75:1929 (1978); Ito et al. J. Bacteriol. 153:163 (1983); U.S. Pat. No. 4,879,231; Sreekrishna et al. Gene 59:115 (1987). Electroporation and PEG1000 whole cell transformation procedures may also be used. Cregg and Russel Methods in Molecular Biology: Pichia Protocols, Chapter 3, Humana Press, Totowa, N.J., pp. 27-39 (1998).

Transformed yeast cells can be selected by using appropriate techniques including but not limited to culturing auxotrophic cells after transformation in the absence of the biochemical product required (due to the cell's auxotrophy), selection for and detection of a new phenotype, or culturing in the presence of an antibiotic which is toxic to the yeast in the absence of a resistance gene contained in the transformants. Transformants can also be selected and/or verified by integration of the expression cassette into the genome, which can be assessed by e.g., Southern Blot or PCR analysis.

In one embodiment, a methylotrophic yeast strain is transformed with a vector which includes a nucleotide sequence coding for an α-1,2-mannosidase or a functional part thereof. The nucleotide sequence is capable of expressing the α-1,2-mannosidase or the functional part in the methylotrophic yeast strain, and is, preferably, integrated into the genome of the methylotrophic yeast strain.

The expression of an α-1,2-mannosidase introduced in a methylotrophic yeast strain can be verified both at the mRNA level, e.g., by Northern Blot analysis, and at the protein level, e.g., by Western Blot analysis. The intracellular localization of the protein can be analyzed by using a variety of techniques, including subcellular fractionation and immunofluorescence experiments. An ER localization of an α-1,2-mannosidase can be determined by co-sedimentation of this enzyme with a known ER resident protein (e.g., Protein Disulfide Isomerase) in a subcellular fractionation experiment. An ER localization can also be determined by an immunofluorescence staining pattern characteristic of ER resident proteins, typically a perinuclear staining pattern.

To confirm that an α-1,2-mannosidase or a functional part thereof expressed in a methylotrophic yeast strain has the expected mannose-trimming activity, both in vitro and in vivo assays can be employed. Typically, an in vitro assay involves digestion of an in vitro synthesized substrate, e.g., Man₈GlcNAc₂, with the enzyme expressed and purified from a methylotrophic yeast strain, and assessing the ability of such enzyme to trim Man₈GlcNAc₂ to, e.g., Man₅GlcNAc₂. In in vivo assays, the α-1,2-mannosidase or a part thereof is co-expressed in a methylotrophic yeast with a glycoprotein known to be glycosylated with N-glycans bearing terminal α-1,2-linked mannose residues in such yeast. The enzymatic activity of such an α-1,2-mannosidase or a part thereof can be measured based on the reduction of the number of α-1,2-linked mannose residues in the structures of the N-glycans of the glycoprotein. In both in vitro and in vivo assays, the composition of a carbohydrate group can be determined using techniques that are well known in the art and are illustrated in the Examples hereinbelow.

In another embodiment, a methylotrophic yeast strain is transformed with a vector which includes a nucleotide sequence coding for a glucosidase II or a functional part thereof. The nucleotide sequence is capable of expressing the glucosidase II or the functional part in the methylotrophic yeast strain, and is, preferably, integrated into the genome of the methylotrophic yeast strain.

The enzymatic activity of a glucosidase II or a functional part thereof expressed in a transformed methylotrophic yeast strain can be assessed using a variety of assays. For example, methylotrophic yeast cells transformed with a sequence encoding a glucosidase II or a part thereof can be set to grow on solid medium containing a substrate of the glucosidase, e.g., 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-α-D-glucopyranoside or 4-MU-α-D-Glc. When the enzyme is expressed by the Pichia and secreted extracellularly, the substrate is acted upon by the enzyme, giving rise to detectable signals around the colonies such as blue color or fluorescent glow. Alternatively, liquid culture medium containing the expressed protein molecules can be collected and incubated in test tubes with a substrate, e.g., p-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside. The enzymatic activity can be determined by measuring the specific product released. Moreover, in vivo assays can be employed, where a glucosidase II is co-expressed in yeast with a glycoprotein known to be N-glycosylated with glucose residues, e.g., influenza neuraminidase. The enzymatic activity of the glucosidase II can be measured based on the reduction of the glucose content in the sugar chain(s) of the glycoprotein.

In still another embodiment of the present invention, a methylotrophic yeast strain is transformed with an Och1 knock-out vector. As a result of the transformation and integration of the vector, the genomic Och1 gene in the yeast strains is disrupted.

In a further embodiment of the present invention, a methylotrophic yeast strain is transformed with any combination of an α-1,2-mannosidase expression vector, a glucosidase II expression vector, and an Och1 knock-out vector. Such modification can be achieved by serial, consecutive transformations, i.e., introducing one vector at a time, or alternatively by co-transformation, i.e., introducing the vectors simultaneously.

The modified methylotrophic yeast strains described herein above can be further modified if desired. For example, additional disruption of genes encoding any other Pichia mannosyltransferases can be made. Genes encoding mammalian enzymes can also be introduced to produce glycoproteins having hybrid- or complex-type N-glycans, if desired.

Methylotrophic yeast strains which are modified by using the present methods, i.e., by transforming with one or more of the vectors of the present invention, form another embodiment of the present invention.

It should be understood that certain aspects of the present invention, especially the introduction of an intracellularly expressed α-1,2-mannosidase activity, are also useful to obtain a reduced glycosylation of the O-linked glycans on glycoproteins produced in a methylotrophic yeast, as it is known in the art that these O-linked glycans consist mainly of α-1,2-linked mannose residues. O-linked glycans as used herein refers to carbohydrate structures linked to serine or threonine residues of glycoproteins.

A further aspect of the invention is directed to methods of producing a glycoprotein with reduced glycosylation in a methylotrophic yeast, especially a glycoprotein heterologous to the methylotrophic yeast.

“A glycoprotein” as used herein refers to a protein which, in methylotrophic yeasts, is either glycosylated on one or more asparagines residues or on one or more serine or threonine residues, or on both asparagines and serine or threonine residues.

The term “reduced glycosylation” refers to a reduced size of the carbohydrate moiety on the glycoprotein, particularly with fewer mannose residues, when the glycoprotein is expressed in a methylotrophic yeast strain which has been modified in accordance with the present invention, as compared to a wild type, unmodified strain of the methylotrophic yeast.

In accordance with the present invention, the production of a glycoprotein of interest with reduced glycosylation can be achieved in a number of ways. A nucleotide sequence capable of expressing a glycoprotein can be introduced into a methylotrophic yeast strain which has been previously modified in accordance with the present invention, i.e., a strain transformed with one or more of the vectors of the present invention and capable of producing glycoproteins with reduced glycosylation. Alternatively, a methylotrophic yeast strain which has already been genetically engineered to express a glycoprotein can be transformed with one or more of the vectors of the present invention. Otherwise, if a methylotrophic yeast strain does not express a glycoprotein of interest, nor is the strain transformed with any of the vectors of the present invention, such yeast strain can be transformed, either consecutively or simultaneously, with both a nucleotide sequence capable of expressing the glycoprotein and one or more vectors of the present invention. Additionally, a methylotrophic yeast strain can be transformed with one or more of the present knock-in and/or knock-out vectors which also include a nucleotide sequence capable of expressing a glycoprotein in the methylotrophic yeast strain.

The nucleotide sequence capable of expressing a glycoprotein in a methylotrophic yeast can be made to include from 5′ to 3′, a promoter, a sequence encoding the glycoprotein, and a 3′ termination sequence. Promoters and 3′ termination sequences which are suitable for expression of a glycoprotein can include any of those promoters and 3′ termination sequences described hereinabove.

The nucleotide sequence for expression of a glycoprotein can include additional sequences, e.g., signal sequences coding for transit peptides when secretion of a protein product is desired. Such sequences are widely known, readily available and include Saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha mating factor prepro (αmf), Pichia pastoris acid phosphatase (PHO1) signal sequence and the like.

The nucleotide sequence for expression of a glycoprotein can be placed on a replicative vector or an integrative vector. The choice and construction of such vectors are as described hereinabove.

The nucleotide sequence capable of expressing a glycoprotein can be carried on the same replicative plasmid as a plasmid-borne α-1,2-mannosidase or glucosidase II expression unit. Alternatively, the nucleotide sequence containing the glycoprotein coding sequence is carried on a separate plasmid or integrated into the host genome.

Glycoproteins produced can be purified by conventional methods. Purification protocols can be determined by the nature of the specific protein to be purified. Such determination is within the ordinary level of skill in the art. For example, the cell culture medium is separated from the cells and the protein secreted from the cells can be isolated from the medium by routine isolation techniques such as precipitation, immunoadsorption, fractionation or a variety of chromatographic methods.

Glycoproteins which can be produced by the methods of the present invention include, e.g., Bacillus amyloliquefaciens α-amylase, S. cerevisiae invertase, Trypanosoma cruzi trans-sialidase, HIV envelope protein, influenza virus A haemagglutinin, influenza neuraminidase, Bovine herpes virus type-1 glycoprotein D, human angiostatin, human B7-1, B7-2 and B-7 receptor CTLA-4, human tissue factor, growth factors (e.g., platelet-derived growth factor), tissue plasminogen activator, plasminogen activator inhibitor-I, urokinase, human lysosomal proteins such as α-galactosidase, plasminogen, thrombin, factor XIII and immunoglobulins. For additional useful glycoproteins which can be expressed in the genetically engineered Pichia strains of the present invention, see Bretthauer and Castellino, Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem. 30: 193-200 (1999), and Kukuruzinska et al. Ann Rev. Biochem. 56: 915-44 (1987).

Glycoproteins produced by using the methods of the present invention, i.e., glycoproteins with reduced glycosylation, are also part of the present invention.

Still another aspect of the present invention provides kits which contain one or more of the knock-in vectors, knock-out vectors, or knock-in-and-knock-out vectors of the present invention described above. More particularly, a kit of the present invention contains a vector capable of expressing an α-mannosidase I in a methylotrophic yeast, a vector capable of expressing a glucosidase II in a methylotrophic yeast, a vector capable of disrupting the Och1 gene in a methylotrophic yeast, a vector capable of expressing both a glucosidase II and an α-mannosidase, a vector a vector capable of disrupting the Och1 gene and capable of expressing either or both of a glucosidase II and an α-mannosidase, or any combinations thereof.

The kit can also include a nucleotide sequence which encodes and is capable of expressing a heterologous glycoprotein of interest. Such nucleotide sequence can be provided in a separate vector or in the same vector which contains sequences for knocking-in or knocking out as described hereinabove.

In addition, the kit can include a plasmid vector in which a nucleotide sequence encoding a heterologous protein of interest can be subsequently inserted for transformation into and expression in a methylotrophic yeast. Alternatively, the knock-in or knock-out vectors in the kits have convenient cloning sites for insertion of a nucleotide sequence encoding a heterologous protein of interest.

The kit can also include a methylotrophic yeast strain which can be subsequently transformed with any of the knock-in, knock-out or knock-in-and-knock-out vectors described hereinabove. The kit can also include a methylotrophic yeast strain which has been transformed with one or more of the knock-in or knock-out vectors. Furthermore, the kit can include a methylotrophic yeast strain which has been transformed with a nucleotide sequence encoding and capable of expressing a heterologous glycoprotein of interest.

The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples.

EXAMPLE 1 Introduction of α-1,2-Mannosidase to the ER-Golgi Border

1.1 Plasmids Plasmid Promoter Enzyme Tag pGAPZMFManHDEL GAP T. reesei — α-1,2-mannosidase pGAPZMFManMycHDEL GAP T. reesei Myc α-1,2-mannosidase pPICZBMFManMycHDEL AOX1 T. reesei Myc α-1,2-mannosidase pGAPZMFmManHDEL GAP mouse mannosidase IB — catalytic domain pGAPZMFmMycManHDEL GAP mouse mannosidase IB Myc catalytic domain

The Trichoderma reesei α-1,2-mannosidase gene has been isolated and described by Maras et al. (J. Biotechnol. 77;255-263, 2000). The sequence of this gene is available at NCBI Genbank under Accession No. AF212153. A construction fragment was generated by PCR using the pPIC9MFmanase plasmid (same as pPP1MFmds1 described by Maras et al. (2000)) as the template and using the following oligonucleotide primers: 5′-GACTGGTTCCAATTGACAAGC-3′ (SEQ ID NO:2) and 5′-AGTCTAGATTACAACTCGTCGTGAGCAAGGTGGCCGCCCCG TCG-3′ (SEQ ID NO:3). The resulting product contained the 3′ end of the Pichia pastoris AOXI promoter, the prepro-signal sequence of the S. cerevisiae α-mating factor, the open reading frame of the Trichoderma reesei α-1,2-mannosidase cloned in frame with the signal sequence, the coding sequence for HDEL (SEQ ID NO: 1), a stop codon and an Xba I restriction site. This fragment was digested with Eco RI and Xba I, removing the 5′ sequences up to the mannosidase ORF, and then cloned into the vector pGAPZαA (Invitrogen, Baam, The Netherlands) which had been digested with Eco RI and Xba I, thus restoring the fusion with the S. cerevisiae α-mating factor signal sequence. The resulting plasmid was named pGAPZMFManHDEL and is graphically depicted in FIG. 1. The ORF sequence of the MFManHDEL fusion in pGAPZMFManHDEL is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 14.

In order to introduce the coding sequence for a c-Myc tag between the catalytic domain and the HDEL (SEQ ID NO: 1)-signal, the 3′ end of the ORF of T. reesei α-1,2-mannosidase was PCR-amplified using a sense primer 5′-CCATTGAGGACGCATGCCGCGCC-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 4) (containing an Sph I restriction site) and an antisense primer GTATCTAGATTACAACTCGTCGTGCAGATCCTCTTCTGAGATGAGTTTTTGT TCAGCAAGGTGGCCGCCCCGTCGTGATGATGAA (SEQ ID NO: 5) (containing the coding sequences of the c-Myc tag and the HDEL (SEQ ID NO: 1) signal, followed by a stop codon and an Xba I restriction site). The resulting PCR product was digested with Sph I and Xba I, purified by agarose gel electrophoresis and inserted into pGAPZMFManHDEL which had been cut with the same restriction enzymes, resulting in plasmid pGAPZMFManMycHDEL. To put the ORF of pGAPZMFManMycHDEL under the control of the inducible AOXI promoter, the entire ORF was liberated from pGAPZMFManMycHDEL with Bst BI and Xba I, and cloned in pPICZB (Invitrogen, Baarn, The Netherlands), resulting in pPICZBMFManMycHDEL.

Cloning of the mouse mannosidase IB catalytic domain with concomitant addition of the coding sequence for a C-terminal HDEL (SEQ ID NO: 1)-tag was done by PCR on a mouse cDNA library (mRNA isolated from the L929 cell line induced with cycloheximide and mouse Tumor Necrosis Factor. Average insert length of the cDNA library was 2000 bp). The PCR oligonucleotide primers used were: 5′AACTCGAGATGGACTCTTCAAAACACAAACGC3′ (SEQ ID NO: 6) and 5′TTGCGGCCGCTTACAACTCGTCGTGTCGGACAGCAGGATTACCTGA3′ (SEQ ID NO: 7). The product contained a 5′ Xho I site and the coding sequence for C-terminal HDEL (SEQ ID NO: 1)-site, followed by a stop codon and a Not I site at the 3′ end. The product was cloned in pGAPZαA via the Xho I/Not I sites in the PCR product and the vector, resulting in an in frame fusion of the mouse mannosidase catalytic domain with the S. cerevisiae α-mating factor signal sequence. The sequence of the entire open reading frame generated is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 15.

TABLE 2 1.2 Yeast Transformation and Genomic Integration Parental strain DNA transformed GS115 (his4) pGAPZMFManHDEL pPIC9MFManHDEL pPIC9mManHDEL pPIC9mMycManHDEL pGAPZmManHDEL pGAPZmMycManHDEL GS115 (his4 complemented by pGAPZMFManHDEL pPIC9InfluenzaHA) pGAPZmManHDEL pGAPZmMycManHDEL PPY120H (his4 complemented by pGAPZMFManMycHDEL pPIC9sOCH1) pPICZBMFManMycHDEL yGC4 (his4 arg1 ade2 ura3 pPIC9InfluenzaNeuraminidase complemented by pBLURA5′PpOCH1) pGAPZMFManHDEL pPIC9Glucoseoxidase

All transformations to Pichia pastoris were performed with electroporation according to the directions of Invitrogen. Transformants of vectors carrying the Zeocin resistance gene were selected on YPD containing 100 μg/ml Zeocine (Invitrogen, Baarn, the Netherlands) and 1M sorbitol. Selection of transformants of pPIC9 derivatives was done on minimal medium lacking histidine and containing 1M sorbitol. Genomic integration of the expression cassettes was verified using PCR on genomic DNA purified from the Pichia strains using the Yeast Miniprep method (Nucleon). In all cases concerning the Trichoderma reesei gene fusions, the primers used were the sense primer 5′-CCATTGAGGACGCATGCCGCGCC-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 8), which annealed to the 3′ half of the mannosidase ORF, and the antisense primer 3′ AOXI 5′-GCAAATGGCATTCTGACATCCT-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 9), which annealed to the AOXI transcription terminator that was present in all our expression constructs. For the control of genomic integration of the mouse mannosidase transgenes, PCR was done using the sense primer 5′GAP 5′GTCCCTATTTCAATCAATTGAA3′ (SEQ ID NO: 10, annealing to the GAP promoter or 5′AOXI 5′GACTGGTTCCAATTGACAAGC3′ (SEQ ID NO:11), annealing to AOXI promoter), and the antisense primer 3′AOXI (above). For the expression constructs containing a Myc tagged Trichoderma reesei α-1,2-mannosidase expression unit, further evidence for genomic integration was obtained using Southern Blotting with the entire MFManMycHDEL ORF (³²P labelled using HighPrime, Boehringer Mannheim) as a probe.

1.3 Expression of α-1,2-mannosidase

Expression of an α-1,2-Mannosidase in GS 115 strains expressing influenza virus haemagglutinin was verified by qualitative Northern blot. Expression of an α-1,2-Mannosidase in PPY120H strains was verified by anti-Myc Western blot.

Qualitative Northern Blot—Total RNA was purified from Pichia strains and the yield was determined spectrophotometrically. Northern blotting was performed according to standard procedures and an estimate of the quantity of RNA loaded was made using methylene blue staining of the blot, visualizing the rRNA bands. The blot was probed with a ClaI/NarI fragment of the mannosidase, labelled with ³²P using HighPrime (Boehringer Manmheim).

SDS-PAGE and Western Blotting—Total yeast cell lysates were prepared by washing the cells twice with PBS, followed by boiling in 1 volume of 2× concentrated Laemmli loading buffer for 5 min. The lysate was spun briefly in a microcentrifuge prior to gel loading and only the supernatant was loaded. For the analysis of proteins secreted into the growth media, the proteins were precipitated from 200 μl of these media using desoxycholate/trichloroacetic acid according to standard procedures. The pellet was redissolved in 2× concentrated Laemmli loading buffer and the solutions were pH-corrected using Tris. SDS-PAGE was performed and followed by semidry electroblotting to nitrocellulose membranes. For Western Blotting, the 9E10 anti-Myc and the anti-HA mouse monoclonals (Boehringer Mannheim) were used at a concentration of 1 μg/ml, and the rabbit anti-PDI antiserum (Stressgen) was used at a dilution of {fraction (1/500)}. The secondary antibodies were goat anti-mouse IgG conjugated to alkaline phosphatase for the monoclonals and goat anti-rabbit IgG conjugated to peroxidase for the polyclonal (secondary antibodies from Sigma). Detection was performed using the NBT/BCIP system for alkaline phosphatase and the Renaissance substrate (NENBiosciences) for peroxidase. Imaging of the latter blot result was done on a Lumilager imaging device (Boehringer Mannheim).

The results shown in FIG. 4 indicated that the great majority of the HDEL (SEQ ID NO: 1)-tagged protein was retained intracellularly, both when expressed from the strong constitutive GAP promoter and when expressed from the strong inducible AOXI promoter.

1.4 Localization of α-1,2-Mannosidase

Isopycnic sucrose density gradient centrifugation—To determine the localization of the HDEL (SEQ ID NO: 1)-tagged mannosidase, subcellular fractionation was carried out using cells expressing the mannosidase-Myc-HDEL from the strong constitutive GAP promoter.

Briefly, 0.5 g of wet weight yeast cells were lysed using 4×1 min vortexing with 4.5 g glass beads in 1 ml lysis-buffer (50 mM Tris-HCL pH 7.5 containing 0.6 M sorbitol, 10 mM β-mercaptoethanol and 5 mM MgCl₂). Between vortexing periods, the mixture was placed on ice for 5 min. The supernatant was collected and the glass beads were washed once with lysis-buffer, and the supernatant of this washing step was added to the first supernatant. This lysate was subjected to a differential centrifugation procedure. The P10000 pellet was solubilized in 0.5 ml of a 60% sucrose solution in lysis buffer. This solution was placed at the bottom of an Ultraclear ultracentrifuge tube (Beckman) of 14×89 mm. Subsequently, 1.5 ml each of sucrose solutions of 55, 50, 45, 42.5, 40, and 37.5% were carefully layered over each other. The tube was filled to the edge with 35% sucrose. Isopycnic sucrose gradient centrifugation was performed for 14 h at 180,000 g in a Beckman SW 41 rotor in a Beckman Model L8-70 preparative ultracentrifuge. After completion, 1 ml fractions were collected from the top and partially dialysed from excess sucrose, evaporated to dryness in a vacuum centrifuge. After redissolving the pellet in Laemmli buffer, the samples were subjected to SDS-PAGE in triplicate and the Western blots were treated with anti-HA, anti-Myc or anti-PDI (“PDI” for Protein Disulfide Isomerase), respectively.

The results illustrated almost exact cosedimentation of the MFManMycHDEL protein with the Protein Disulfide Isomerase marker protein (which is also targeted with a HDEL (SEQ ID NO: 1) signal sequence) (FIG. 5). In the same assay, the HA-tagged OCH1 was distributed over the whole gradient, with the highest abundance in fractions having a density lower than that of the fractions containing the mannosidase and the PDI. This result indicated that the mannosidase was targeted to the expected location (the ER-Golgi boundary) by the addition of an HDEL (SEQ ID NO: 1) signal. In contrast, the mannosidase without HDEL (SEQ ID NO: 1), expressed from inducible alcohol oxidase I promoter (which was of comparable strength as the GAP promoter), was secreted at a high level of about 20 mg/l.

Immunofluorescence microscopy—To confirm the correct targeting of the mannosidase-Myc-HDEL, an immunofluorescence microscopy experiment was performed.

Briefly, yeast cultures were grown to OD₆₀₀ in YPD (for pGAPZMFManMycHDEL) or in YMP following a YPGlycerol growth phase for pPICZBMFManMycHDEL. Formaldehyde was added to the yeast cultures to a final concentration of 4% and incubated for 10 min at room temperature. Cells were pelleted and resuspended in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer pH 6.5 containing 1 mM MgCl₂ and 4% formaldehyde and incubated for 2 h at room temperature. After pelleting, the cells were resuspended to an OD₆₀₀=10 in 100 mM potassium phosphate buffer pH 7.5 containing 1 mM MgCl₂ and EDTA-free Complete™ protease inhibitor cocktail (Boehringer Mannheim). To 100 μl of cell suspension, 0.6 μl of β-mercapto-ethanol and 20 μl of 20,000 U/ml Zymolyase 100T (ICN) were added, followed by a 25 minute incubation with gentle shaking. The cells were washed twice in the incubation buffer and added to poly-lysine coated cover slips (these are prepared using adhesive rings normally in use for reinforcing perforations in paper). Excess liquid was blotted with a cotton swab and the cells were allowed to dry at 20° C. All blocking, antibody incubation and washing steps are performed in PBS containing 0.05% bovine serum albumin. Primary antibodies are used at 2 μg/μl and secondary antibodies conjugated to flurophores (Molecular probes) were used at 5 μg/μl. The nucleus was stained with the nucleic acid stain HOECHST 33258. After fixation and cell wall permeabilization, the integrity of the yeast cell morphology was checked in phase contrast microscopy and after immunostaining, the slides were examined under a Zeiss Axiophot fluroresensce microscope equipped with a Kodak digital camera. Images were processed using Macprobe 4.0 software and prepared with Corel Photopaint 9.0.

The Golgi marker protein OCH1-HA gave the typical Golgi staining pattern described in the literature (speckle-like staining). Staining with the 9E 10 monoclonal anti-Myc antibody, recognizing mannosidase-Myc-HDEL, gave a perinuclear staining pattern with some disparate staining in the cytoplasm, highly indicative for an ER targeting (FIG. 4).

Based on the foregoing experiments, it is concluded that the Trichoderma reesei mannosidase-Myc-HDEL was targeted to the ER-Golgi boundary.

EXAMPLE 2 Co-expression of Mannosidase-HDEL with Recombinant Glycoproteins

Co-expression of Mannosidase-HDEL with the Trypanosoma cruzi trans-Sialidase

The cloning of a Trypanosoma cruzi trans-sialidase gene coding for an active trans-sialidase member without the C-terminal repeat domain has been described by Laroy et al. (Protein Expression and Purification 20: 389, 2000) which is incorporated herein by reference. The sequence of this Trypanosoma cruzi trans-sialidase gene is available through NCBI Genbank under the Accession No. AJ276679. For expression in P. pastoris, the entire gene was cloned in pHILD2 (Invitrogen, San Diego, Calif.), creating pHILD2-TS. To allow better secretion, pPIC9-TS was created in which trans-sialidase was linked to the prepro secretion signal of the yeast α-mating factor. Plasmids pPIC9-TSE and pCAGGS-prepro-TSE were created where the epitope E-tag was added to the C-terminal of the trans-sialidase to allow easy detection and purification. The construction of pHILD2-TS, pPIC9-TSE and pCAGGS-prepro-TSE has been described by Laroy et al. (2000), incorporated herein by reference. The vectors used in the construction were made available through BCCM™/LMBP-PLASMID AND cDNA COLLECTION for pCAGGS (No. LMBP 2453), Invitrogen, San Diego, Calif. for pHILD2 and pPIC9, and Pharmacia Biotech for pCANTAB-5E.

Plasmid pPIC9-TSE was linearized with SstI and was transformed into P. pastoris GS115 (his4) strain by electroporation according to the manufacturer's instructions (Invitrogen). One of the transformants was further transformed with plasmid pGAPZMFManHDEL, establishing a strain co-expressing Mannosidase-HDEL and the Trypanosoma cruzi trans-sialidase.

Fermentation and protein purification was according to the procedures described by Laroy et al. (2000).

Purified trans-sialidase was subject to carbohydrate analysis according to Callewaert et al., Glycobiology 11, 4, 275-281, 2001. Briefly, the glycoproteins were bound to the PVDF membrane in the wells of a 96-well plate, reduced, alkylated and submitted to peptide-N-glycosidase F deglycosylation. The glycans were derivatised with 8-amino-1,3,6-pyrenetrisulfonic acid by reductive amination. Subsequently, the excess free label was removed using Sephadex G10-packed spin columns and the glycans were analysed by electrophoresis on a 36 cm sequencing gel on an ABI 377A DNA-sequencer and detected using the built-in argon laser. Digests with 3 mU/ml purified T. reesei α-1,2-mannosidase (described by Maras et al., J. Biotechnol. 77, 255-63, 2000) were also performed in 20 mM sodium acetate pH=5.0. The glycans derived from 1 μg of the purifed recombinant glycoproteins were used as the substrate. 1 U of the α-1,2-mannosidase is defined as the amount of enzyme that releases 1 μmol of mannose from baker's yeast mannan per minute at 37° C. and pH=5.0.

As can be seen in FIG. 6, panel B, the major N-glycan on trans-sialidase was Man₈GlcNAc₂ (Compare with panel F, representing an analysis of the N-glycans of bovine RNAseB. The one but last peak in this profile is Man₈GlcNAc₂, the first peak is Man₅GlcNAc₂). In vitro, this glycan was digestible to Man₅GlcNAc₂ with α-1,2-mannosidase (FIG. 6, panel C). In the N-glycan profile of the trans-sialidase co-expressed with mannosidase-HDEL, the major peak corresponded to Man₅GlcNAc₂ (FIG. 6, panel D).

Co-expression of Mannosidase-HDEL with the Influenza A Virus Haemagglutinin

The Influenza A virus haemagglutinin was known to be glycosylated in Pichia pastoris with high-mannose N-glycans containing 9-12 mannose residues (Saelens et al. Eur. J. Biochem. 260: 166-175, 1999). The effect of a co-expressed mannosidase on the N-glycans of the haemagglutinin was assessed in an N-glycan profiling method described below. In addition, to compare the efficiency of the Trichoderma enzyme (having a temperature optimum of 60° C.) with a mammalian mannosidase having a temperature optimum of 37° C., the catalytic domain of the mouse mannosidase IB from a mouse cDNA-library was cloned and tagged with a HDEL (SEQ ID NO: 1) signal by PCR amplification. This ORF was cloned after the prepro-signal sequence of the S. cerevisiae α-mating factor under the control of the GAP promoter. Expression of the mannosidase-HDEL transgenes on the mRNA level was confirmed by qualitative Northern blotting.

The haemagglutinin was expressed and purified from a non-mannosidase expressing control strain and from a strains co-expressing the Trichoderma reesei mannosidase-HDEL or the mouse mannosidase IB-HDEL according to the procedure described by Kulakosky et al. Glycobiology 8: 741-745 (1998). The purified haemagglutin was subjected to PNGase F digestion as described by Saelens et al. Eur. J. Biochem. 260: 166-175, 1999. The proteins and glycans were precipitated with 3 volumes of ice-cold acetone and the glycans were extracted from the pellet with 60% methanol. Following vacuum evaporation, the glycans were labeled with 8-amino-1,3,6 pyrenetrisulfonic acid by adding 1 μl of a 1:1 mixture of 20 mM APTS in 1.2M citric acid and 1M N_(a)CNBH₃ in DMSO and incubating for 16 h at 37° C. at the bottom of a 250 μl PCR-tube. The reaction was stopped by the addition of 10 μl deionized water and the mixture was loaded on a 1.2 cm Sephadex G10 bed packed to dryness in a microspin-column by centrifugation in a swinging bucket rotor, which provided for a flat resin surface. After loading, 50 μl deionised water was carefully added to the resin bed and the spin column was briefly centrifuged for 5 seconds at 750 g in a tabletop centrifuge. This elution process was repeated twice and all the eluates were pooled and evaporated to dryness in a Speedvac vacuum centrifuge (Savant). The labeled glycans were reconstituted in 1.5 μl gel loading buffer containing 50% formamide and 0.5 μl Genescan 500™, labeled with rhodamine (Perkin Elmer Bioscience), serving as an internal reference standard. This mixture was loaded on a DNA-sequencing gel containing 10% of a 19:1 mixture of acrylamide:bisacrylamide (Biorad, Hercules, Calif., USA) and made up in the standard DNA-sequencing buffer (89 mM Tris, 89 mM borate, 2.2 mM EDTA). Polymerization of the gel was catalyzed by the addition of 200 μl 10% ammononiumpersulfate solution in water and 20 μl TEMED. The gel was of the standard 36 cm well-to-read length and was run on an Applied Biosystems Model 373A DNA-sequencing apparatus. Prerunning of the gel was done at 1000 V for 15 min. and after loading, the gel was electrophoresed for 8 h at 1250 V without heating. This methodology gives a limit of detection of 10 fmol per peak. The data were analysed with Genescan 3.0 software.

As shown in FIG. 7, the Trichoderma reesei α-1,2-mannosidase provided the most complete reduction in the number of α-1,2-mannoses present on the N-glycans. The N-glycan processing by mouse mannosidase IB-HDEL was less efficient than by the Trichoderma reesei α-1,2-mannosidase.

Despite the efficient removal of α-1,2-mannoses from the N-glycans of haemagglutinin, no Man₅GlcNAc₂ was obtained. Even after digestion of the N-glycans with 3 mU of purified Trichodenna reesei α-1,2-mannosidase, only Man₆GlcNAc₂ was obtained as the smallest sugar chain. These results indicated that the remaining residues were possibly α-1,6-linked mannoses, originating from the initiating OCH1 α-1,6-mannosyltransferase enzymatic activities. OCH1 was observed to be localized to very early part of the Golgi apparatus and could act on the N-glycans of haemagglutinin before complete digestion of the Man₈GlcNAc₂ precursor to Man₅GlcNAc₂ by the mannosidases-HDEL. Thus, for proteins whose glycans are efficiently modified by the α-1,6-mannosyltransferase, an inactivation of the OCH1 gene coding for the transferase would be desirable in order to obtain proteins with Man₅GlcNAc₂.

EXAMPLE 3 Inactivation of the Pichia Och1 Gene

A Pichia pastoris sequence was found in the GenBank under Accession No. E12456 and was described in Japanese Patent Application No. 07145005, incorporated herein by reference. This sequence shows all typical features of an α-1,6-mannosyltransferase and is most homologous to the S. cerevisiae OCH1, thus referred to herein as the Pichia pastoris Och1 gene.

First, the full ORF of the Pichia pastoris Och1 gene was PCR cloned in pUC18 to obtain plasmid pUC18pOch1. pUC18pOch1 was cut with HindIII, blunt-ended with T4 polymerase, then cut with XbaI, releasing a fragment containing the 5′ part of the Pichia pastoris OCH1 gene. This fragment was ligated into the vector pBLURA IX (available from the Keck Graduate Institute, Dr. James Cregg, which had been cut with Eco RI, blunt-ended with T4 polymerase, and then cut with Nhe I. This ligation generated pBLURA5′PpPCH1, as shown in FIG. 8.

Disruption of this Pichia OCH1 gene in the Pichia genome was achieved by single homologous recombination using pBLURA5′PpOCH1, as illustrated in FIG. 9. As a result of the single homologous recombination, the Och1 gene on the Pichia chromosome was replaced with two Och1 sequences: one consisted only about the first one third of the full Och1 ORF, the other had a full Och1 ORF without a Och1 promoter. Single homologous recombination was achieved as follows. Cells of the Pichia strain yGC4 were transformed by electroporation with pBLURA5′PpOCH1 which had been linearized with the single cutter Bst BI. About 500 transformants were obtained on minimal medium containing 1M sorbitol, biotin, arginine, adenine and histidine and incubation at 27° C. Thirty-two of these transformants were picked and re-selected under the same conditions. Twelve clones were further analyzed for correct genomic integration of the cassette by PCR. Seven of the twelve URA prototrophic clones contained the cassette in the correct locus.

One of the OCH1-inactivated clones was also further transformed with pGAPZMFManHDEL to produce “supertransformants”. Both the Och1-inactivated clone and three supertransformants also expressing the ManHDEL were evaluated in cell wall glycan analysis as follows. Yeast cells were grown in 10 ml YPD to an OD₆₀₀=2 and mannoproteins were prepared by autoclaving the yeast cells in 20 mM sodium citrate buffer pH7 for 90 min at 120° C. and recovery of the supernatant after centrifugation. Proteins were precipitated from this supernatant with 3 volumes of cold methanol. The protein preparation obtained in this way was used for N-glycan analysis using DSA-FACE as described by Callewaert et al. (2001) Glycobiology 11, 275-281. As shown in FIG. 10, there was an increased amount of Man8GlcNAc₂ glycan in the Och1-inactivanted clone as compared to parent strain yGC4, indicative of a reduced activity of the Och1 enzyme. In all three supertransformants which also expressed the HDEL (SEQ ID NO: 1)-tagged α-1,2 mannosidase, the production of Man₅GlcNAc₂ was observed. Furthermore, upon digestion of the same glycan mixtures with 3 mU/ml purified recombinant Trichoderma reesei α-1,2-mannosidase, more Man₅GlcNAc₂ was formed in the strain transformed with pBLURA5′PpOCH1 than in the parent strain (FIG. 11, compare panel 2 and 3).

These results confirmed that the lack of a production of Man₅ glycans on recombinantly produced proteins such as haemagglutinin from cells expressing α-1,2-mannosidase were due to the activity of the Och1 protein. These results further indicate that the production of glycoproteins with Man₅ glycans could be facilitated by the inactivation of the Och1 gene.

EXAMPLE 4 Expression of Glucosidase II in Pichia pastoris

4.1 Amplification of the GLSII Alpha Subunit ORF from S. cerevisiae.

Genomic DNA was prepared from the S. cerevisiae strain INVS (α, leu2-3, 112 his3Δ1, trp1-289, ura3-52), using the Nucleon kit (Amersham). A touch-down PCR reaction was performed using this genomic DNA as template and the LA TaKaRa polymerase (ImTec Diagnostics). The sequence of the PCR primers was based on the known sequence of the S. cerevisiae GLSII ORF:

Sense primer: 5′ CCG CTC GAG ATG GTC CTT TTG AAA TGG CTC 3′ (SEQ ID NO:12)           Xho I Antisense primer: 5′ CCG GGC CCA AAA ATA ACT TCC CAA TCT TCA G 3′ (SEQ ID NO:13)         Apa I

4.2 Cloning of the S. cerevisiae glucosidase II ORF into Pichia pastoris Expression Vectors

Construction of the glucosidase II expression vectors—The PCR fragment was digested with Xho I/Apa I and ligated into the pGAPZA vector (Invitrogen), thereby placing the ORF under the transcriptional control of the GAP promoter. Using this strategy, the myc and the His6 tag were placed in frame to the C-terminus of Glucosidase II, creating pGAPZAGLSII. The complete ORF of pGAPZAGLSII was then sequenced to ensure that no mutations were generated in the PCR reaction. The sequence of the vector pGAPZAGLSII was set forth in SEQ ID NO: 18. The GLSII ORF from the pGAPZAGLSII vector was cloned into vector pPICZA (Invitrogen) to create pPICZAGLSII, thereby placing the ORF under the transcriptional control of the AOXI promoter. The GLSII ORF from the pGAPZAGLSII vector was cloned into vector pAOX2ZA, thereby placing the ORF under the transcriptional control of the AOX2 promoter. This vector was created by replacing the multi cloning site of vector pAOX2ZB with the multi cloning site of pPICZA. Vector pAOX2ZB was generated by replacing the AOX1 promotor of pPICZB by the AOX2 promotor region of the AOX2 gene (Martinet et al., Biotechnology Letters 21). The AOX2 promotor region was generated by PCR on Pichia genomic DNA with the sense primer 5′GACGAGATCTTTTTTTCAGACCATATGACCGG 3′ (SEQ ID NO: 26) and the antisense primer 5′GCGGAATTCTTTTCTCAGTTGATTTGTTTGT 3′ (SEQ ID NO: 27). The GLSII ORF from the pGAPZGLSII vector was cloned into vector pYPT1ZA to create pYPTIZAGLSII, thereby placing the ORF under the transcriptional control of the YPT1 promoter. Vector pYPTZA was created by replacing the AOX1 promoter of pPICZA by the YPT1 promoter present on the plasmid pIB3 (GenBank accession number AF027960)(Sears et al., Yeast 14, pg 783-790, 1998). All constructs contain the phleomycin resistance gene. The resulting final expression vectors (pGAPZAGLSII, pAOX2ZAGLSII, pPICZAGLSII and pYPT1ZAGLSII) are depicted in FIGS. 12-15.

Similar expression vectors were constructed, carrying the Ampicillin resistance marker and the Pichia ADE1 selection marker. In principle, the Zeocin resistance expression cassette of the plasmids pAOX2ZAGLSII, pGAPZAGLSII and pYPT1ZAGLSII was replaced by the Ampicillin and Pichia ADE1 cassette of the vector pBLADE IX (Cregg, J. M.) to result in the vectors pAOX2ADE1 glsII, pGAPADE1glsII and pYPT1ADE1glsII. Vector pPICADE1glsII was obtained by inserting the glucosidase II open reading frame into the multiple cloning site of the vector pBLADE IX (Cregg, J. M.). The resulting final expression vectors (pGAPADE1glslI, pAOX2ADE1glsII, pPICADE1glsII and pYPT1ADE1glsII) are depicted in FIGS. 16-20.

Adding the ER retention tag HDEL (SEQ ID NO: 1) to Glucosidase II expression vectors—The following primers were used to generate an HDEL (SEQ ID NO: 1)-containing PCR fragment:

Primer 1: 5′GCG GGT CGA C/ CA C/GA C/GA A/CT G/TG A/GT TTT AGC CTT (SEQ ID NO:28)          Sal I     H    D    E    L    stop  AGA CAT GAC 3′ Primer 2: 5′CAG GAG CAAA GCT CGT ACG AG 3′ (SEQ ID NO:29)                      Spl I

PCR was performed on pGAPZAGLSII with Taq pol., at 60° C. The PCR fragment of 225 bp was cut with Sal I/Spl I and ligated into the Sal I/Spl I opened pGAPZAGLSII vector, creating plasmid pGAPZAglsIIHDEL. The sequence of plasmid pGAPZAglsIIHDEL is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24. The construction strategy and the resulting final expression vectors (pGAPZAglsIIHDEL and pGAPADE1glsIIHDEL) are depicted in FIGS. 20-21.

4.3 Transformation of a Pichia pastoris Strain

Transformation was performed using the conventional electroporation techniques, as described by Invitrogen. Cells of the Pichia pastoris strain PPY12-OH were transformed with pGAPZGLSII which had been cut with the single cutter Avr II. Transformants were selected based on their resistance to zeocin.

Genomic analysis of the transformants—Genomic DNA was prepared from some zeocin resistant Pichia transformants. A PCR reaction was performed on the genomic DNA in order to determine whether or not the glucosidase II gene was integrated into the yeast genome. PCR was performed using Taq DNA polymerase (Boehinger) (2.5 mM MgCl₂, 55° C. for annealing). The primers were the same as the ones we used for the amplification of the ORF on S. cerevisiae genomic DNA. pGAPZAGLSII transformants were confirmed by the presence of a specific PCR product indicative of the glucosidase II ORF.

4.4 Expression and Secretion of the S. cerevisiae Glucosidase II Alpha Subunit in Pichia pastoris

Analysis at the transcriptional level—RNA was prepared from the transformants which scored positive after the genomic analysis. RNA was prepared using acid phenol. From each sample, 15 μg of RNA was loaded on a formaldehyde agarose gel. After electrophoresis the RNA was blotted on a Hybond N membrane. The membrane was hybridizing using a radioactive probe, which consists of a 344 bp glucosidase II specific fragment, corresponding to the 3′ region of the glucosidase II ORF. No signals were detected with non-transformed control strains, whereas clear signals were observed with transformants.

Analysis at the protein level using a double membrane assay—A nitrocellulose membrane was placed on a buffered dextrose medium (BMDY). On top of that nitrocellulose membrane, a cellulose acetate membrane was placed. Pichia transformants of pGAPZAGLSII were streaked on the cellulose acetate and grown for a few days. The yeast cells remained on the cellulose acetate, while the secreted proteins crossed this membrane. As such the secreted protein was captured onto the nitrocellulose membrane. After a few days the cellulose acetate, containing the yeast colonies, was removed. The nitrocellulose membrane was analyzed for the presence of glucosidase II using anti-myc antibody. Most of the transformants gave a clear signal as compared to a faint, hardly visible signal with the WT, non-transformed strain.

Extracellular expression—PPY12-OH transformants of the construct pGAPZAGLSII(mychis6) (strains 12, 14 and 18) and transformants of the construct pGAPZAGLSII(myc)HDEL (strains H1, H2 and H3) were grown for 2 days on 2×10 ml BMDY medium. These 6 transformants earlier scored positive both on the genomic level (PCR on gDNA) and on the RNA level (Northern blot). The culture medium was collected by centrifugation and concentrated with Vivaspin columns to about 1 ml. Proteins from this concentrate were precipitated with TCA, resuspended in Laemmli buffer and loaded for SDS-PAGE analysis. Proteins were blotted to nitrocellulose membrane. The blot was incubated overnight with anti-myc Ab. The secondary Ab was linked to peroxidase. Using the Renaissance luminiscence detection kit (NEN) and a light sensitive film (Kodak), a strong band at about 110 kDa was observed for the transformants 12, 14 and 18, indicating that GLSII was expressed and secreted from these transformants. No signal was obtained for the transformants H1-3, which indicate that the HDEL (SEQ ID NO: 1) tag, which was added C-terminally to the GLSII ORF, resulted in an ER localization of the protein, preventing GLSII to be secreted into the growth medium.

Intracellular expression—The 6 transformants and the WT strain were grown for 2 days in 500 ml BMDY. The cells were collected by centrifugation, washed, resuspended into a minimal volume (50 mM Tris.HCl pH 7.5, 5% glycerol) and broken using glass beads. The cell debris was removed through several centrifugation steps (low speed centrifugation (2000-3000 g)). Membranes were obtained from the supernatant through ultracentrifugation. The pellets were resuspended in Laemmli buffer and loaded for SDS-PAGE analysis. The proteins were blotted on a nitrocellulose membrane. The intracellular GLSII expression was checked using anti-myc Ab and peroxidase conjugated secondary Ab. Following the luminescence detection, a band at about 110 kDA was observed with the GLSIIHDEL tranformants (H1 and H3, faint signal for H2), but not with the WT and GLSII expression strains. These results clearly indicate the intracellular presence of the recombinant GLSII when expressed with a C-terminal HDEL (SEQ ID NO: 1) tag. No GLSII was detected intracellularly when this tag was not present.

4.5 Purification and Activity Assays of the Recombinant Glucosidase II Alpha Submit

A GLSII assay was set up as follows and was tested using a commercially available yeast alpha-glucosidase (Sigma) as a positive control.

Composition: 70 μl 80 mM phosphate-citrate buffer pH 6.8, 7 μl 250 mM mannose, 3.5 μl 250 mM 2-deoxy-D-glucose, 0.8 μl 4-MeUmbelliferyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (1 μM). Three assays were performed: one with 1 unit commercial enzyme, one without the enzyme and one with the enzyme but without the substrate. The assay mixture was incubated overnight at 30° C. When illuminated with UV, only the reaction mixture with both the enzyme and the substrate showed fluorescence (FIG. 22). This indicates that the assay was very specific in detecting the activity of the alpha-glucosidase.

WT PPY12-OH, strain 18 and strain H3 were grown during 2 days in 2×10 ml growth medium. Cells were spun down and medium was adjusted to 300 mM NaCl and 10 mM imidazol and concentrated with Vivaspin columns to 0.5-1 ml. Medium was loaded onto a Ni-NTA spin column (Qiagen) and the purification was performed according to the manufactures recommendations. Protein was eluted from the column in 2×100 μl elution buffer (50 mM NaH₂PO₄, 300 mM NaCl, 250 mM imidazol pH 8.0). From each eluate, 20 μl was assayed for its glucosidase II activity. 0.33 units of the commercial enzyme diluted in 20 μl of the elution buffer was used as a positive control. Fluorescence was observed with the positive control and the elute of strain 18, the strain which secreted the enzyme into the growth medium. These results indicate that the recombinant S. cerevisiae GLSII alpha subunit, secreted by Pichia pastoris, was a functionally active enzyme. The activity was not seen in the WT (untransformed) strain, nor in strain H3 as the GLS II was expressed intracellularly (FIG. 23). These results also indicate that the beta subunit is not necessary for the functionality of the alpha part of the protein.

EXAMPLE 5 Creating Pichia Strains Expressing both Glucosidase II and Mannosidase

Strain GS115 was transformed with pGAPZGLSII and pGAPZglsIIHDEL. Transformants were selected on YPDSzeo.

Strain yGC4 was transformed with the following constructs, respectively:

(1) pGAPADEglsII and pGAPADEglsIIHDEL, selection on synthetic sorbitol medium without adenine;

(2) pGAPZMFManHDEL: selection on YPDSzeo; and

(3) pGAPZMFManHDEL/pGAPADEglsIIHDEL: selection on synthetic sorbitol medium without adenine and with zeocin.

Strain yGC4 with OCH1 knock-in and expressing MFmannosidaseHDEL was transformed with pGAPADEglsII and pGAPADEglsIIHDEL. Selection of transformants was done on synthetic sorbitol medium without adenine and uracil.

For all transformations, colonies were obtained. Transformants with the expression vector(s) integrated into the genome, determined by PCR, were obtained. Expression of GLSII from some of these transformants was observed.

                   #             SEQUENCE LISTING <160> NUMBER OF SEQ ID NOS: 29 <210> SEQ ID NO 1 <211> LENGTH: 4 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial  #Sequence:synthetic       peptide representing the ER-retention  #signal. <400> SEQUENCE: 1 His Asp Glu Leu   1 <210> SEQ ID NO 2 <211> LENGTH: 21 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial  #Sequence:primer <400> SEQUENCE: 2 gactggttcc aattgacaag c            #                   #                   #21 <210> SEQ ID NO 3 <211> LENGTH: 44 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial  #Sequence:primer <400> SEQUENCE: 3 agtctagatt acaactcgtc gtgagcaagg tggccgcccc gtcg    #                   # 44 <210> SEQ ID NO 4 <211> LENGTH: 23 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial  #Sequence:primer <400> SEQUENCE: 4 ccattgagga cgcatgccgc gcc            #                   #                23 <210> SEQ ID NO 5 <211> LENGTH: 85 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial  #Sequence:primer <400> SEQUENCE: 5 gtatctagat tacaactcgt cgtgcagatc ctcttctgag atgagttttt gt #tcagcaag     60 gtggccgccc cgtcgtgatg atgaa           #                   #               85 <210> SEQ ID NO 6 <211> LENGTH: 32 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial  #Sequence:primer <400> SEQUENCE: 6 aactcgagat ggactcttca aaacacaaac gc        #                   #          32 <210> SEQ ID NO 7 <211> LENGTH: 46 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial  #Sequence:primer <400> SEQUENCE: 7 ttgcggccgc ttacaactcg tcgtgtcgga cagcaggatt acctga    #                 46 <210> SEQ ID NO 8 <211> LENGTH: 23 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial  #Sequence:primer <400> SEQUENCE: 8 ccattgagga cgcatgccgc gcc            #                   #                23 <210> SEQ ID NO 9 <211> LENGTH: 22 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial  #Sequence:primer <400> SEQUENCE: 9 gcaaatggca ttctgacatc ct            #                   #                 22 <210> SEQ ID NO 10 <211> LENGTH: 22 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial  #Sequence:primer <400> SEQUENCE: 10 gtccctattt caatcaattg aa            #                   #                 22 <210> SEQ ID NO 11 <211> LENGTH: 21 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial  #Sequence:primer <400> SEQUENCE: 11 gactggttcc aattgacaag c            #                   #                   #21 <210> SEQ ID NO 12 <211> LENGTH: 30 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial  #Sequence:primer <400> SEQUENCE: 12 ccgctcgaga tggtcctttt gaaatggctc          #                   #           30 <210> SEQ ID NO 13 <211> LENGTH: 31 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial  #Sequence:primer <400> SEQUENCE: 13 ccgggcccaa aaataacttc ccaatcttca g         #                   #          31 <210> SEQ ID NO 14 <211> LENGTH: 1785 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial  #Sequence:The ORF       sequence of the MFManHDEL fusion  #in       pGAPZMFManHDEL. <400> SEQUENCE: 14 atgagatttc cttcaatttt tactgctgtt ttattcgcag catcctccgc at #tagctgct     60 ccagtcaaca ctacaacaga agatgaaacg gcacaaattc cggctgaagc tg #tcatcggt    120 tactcagatt tagaagggga tttcgatgtt gctgttttgc cattttccaa ca #gcacaaat    180 aacgggttat tgtttataaa tactactatt gccagcattg ctgctaaaga ag #aaggggta    240 tctctcgaga aaagagaggc tgaagctgaa ttcgccacaa aacgtggatc tc #ccaaccct    300 acgagggcgg cagcagtcaa ggccgcattc cagacgtcgt ggaacgctta cc #accatttt    360 gcctttcccc atgacgacct ccacccggtc agcaacagct ttgatgatga ga #gaaacggc    420 tggggctcgt cggcaatcga tggcttggac acggctatcc tcatggggga tg #ccgacatt    480 gtgaacacga tccttcagta tgtaccgcag atcaacttca ccacgactgc gg #ttgccaac    540 caaggatcct ccgtgttcga gaccaacatt cggtacctcg gtggcctgct tt #ctgcctat    600 gacctgttgc gaggtccttt cagctccttg gcgacaaacc agaccctggt aa #acagcctt    660 ctgaggcagg ctcaaacact ggccaacggc ctcaaggttg cgttcaccac tc #ccagcggt    720 gtcccggacc ctaccgtctt cttcaaccct actgtccgga gaagtggtgc at #ctagcaac    780 aacgtcgctg aaattggaag cctggtgctc gagtggacac ggttgagcga cc #tgacggga    840 aacccgcagt atgcccagct tgcgcagaag ggcgagtcgt atctcctgaa tc #caaaggga    900 agcccggagg catggcctgg cctgattgga acgtttgtca gcacgagcaa cg #gtaccttt    960 caggatagca gcggcagctg gtccggcctc atggacagct tctacgagta cc #tgatcaag   1020 atgtacctgt acgacccggt tgcgtttgca cactacaagg atcgctgggt cc #ttggtgcc   1080 gactcgacca ttgggcatct cggctctcac ccgtcgacgc gcaaggactt ga #cctttttg   1140 tcttcgtaca acggacagtc tacgtcgcca aactcaggac atttggccag tt #ttggcggt   1200 ggcaacttca tcttgggagg cattctcctg aacgagcaaa agtacattga ct #ttggaatc   1260 aagcttgcca gctcgtactt tggcacgtac acccagacgg cttctggaat cg #gccccgaa   1320 ggcttcgcgt gggtggacag cgtgacgggc gccggcggct cgccgccctc gt #cccagtcc   1380 gggttctact cgtcggcagg attctgggtg acggcaccgt attacatcct gc #ggccggag   1440 acgctggaga gcttgtacta cgcataccgc gtcacgggcg actccaagtg gc #aggacctg   1500 gcgtgggaag cgttgagtgc cattgaggac gcatgccgcg ccggcagcgc gt #actcgtcc   1560 atcaacgacg tgacgcaggc caacggcggg ggtgcctctg acgatatgga ga #gcttctgg   1620 tttgccgagg cgctcaagta tgcgtacctg atctttgcgg aggagtcgga tg #tgcaggtg   1680 caggccaccg gcgggaacaa atttgtcttt aacacggagg cgcacccctt ta #gcatccgt   1740 tcatcatcac gacggggcgg ccaccttgct cacgacgagt tgtaa    #                1785 <210> SEQ ID NO 15 <211> LENGTH: 2016 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial  #Sequence:The ORF       sequence of the MFmManHDEL fusion  #in       pGAPZMFmManHDEL. <400> SEQUENCE: 15 atgagatttc cttcaatttt tactgctgtt ttattcgcag catcctccgc at #tagctgct     60 ccagtcaaca ctacaacaga agatgaaacg gcacaaattc cggctgaagc tg #tcatcggt    120 tactcagatt tagaagggga tttcgatgtt gctgttttgc cattttccaa ca #gcacaaat    180 aacgggttat tgtttataaa tactactatt gccagcattg ctgctaaaga ag #aaggggta    240 tctctcgaga tggactcttc aaaacacaaa cgctttgatc tgggcttaga ag #atgtgtta    300 attcctcacg tagatgccgg caaaggagct aaaaaccccg gcgtcttcct ga #tccatgga    360 cccgacgaac acagacacag ggaagaagaa gagcgtctga gaaataagat ta #gagctgac    420 catgagaaag ccctggaaga agcaaaagaa aaattaagaa agtcaagaga gg #aaatccgt    480 gcagaaattc agacagagaa aaacaaagta gcccaagcaa tgaagacaaa ag #agaccagg    540 gtactgccgc ctgtccctgt cccacaacgt gtaggggtca gtggtgggga tc #cagaagac    600 atggagatca agaagaaaag agacaaaatt aaagagatga tgaaacatgc ct #gggataat    660 tacagaacat acggatgggg acataatgaa ctaaggccta ttgcaaggaa ag #gccattcc    720 actaacatat tcggaagctc acagatgggt gccaccatag tggatgcttt gg #ataccctt    780 tatatcatgg ggcttcatga tgaattcatg gatgggcaaa gatggattga ag #aaaacctt    840 gatttcagtg tgaattcaga agtgtctgtc tttgaagtta acattcgctt ta #ttggaggg    900 ctcctcgctg catattacct gtcaggagag gaaatattca agactaaagc ag #tgcagttg    960 gctgagaaac tccttcctgc ctttaacaca cctactggga ttccctgggc aa #tggtgaac   1020 ctgaaaagtg gagtaggtcg aaactggggc tgggcgtctg caggcagcag ca #tcctggct   1080 gagttcggca ccctgcacat ggagtttgtg cacctcagct acttgaccgg tg #acttgact   1140 tactataata aggtcatgca cattcggaaa ctactgcaga aaatggaacg cc #caaatggt   1200 ctttatccaa attatttaaa cccaagaaca gggcgctggg gtcagtatca ca #catcagtt   1260 ggtggtctgg gagatagttt ttatgaatac ttactgaaag catggctgac gt #cagataaa   1320 acagaccacg aggcaagaag gatgtatgac gatgctgttg aggctataga aa #aacatctt   1380 attaagaagt cccgaggagg tctggttttt attggagaat ggaagaatgg ac #acttggaa   1440 aggaagatgg ggcacttggc ctgctttgct gggggaatgc ttgcccttgg ag #cagatggt   1500 tccagaaagg ataaagctgg ccactactta gaactagggg cagaaattgc ac #gaacatgt   1560 catgagtcat atgacagaac tgcattgaaa ctaggtccgg agtcattcaa gt #ttgatggt   1620 gcagtggaag ccgtggctgt gcggcaggct gaaaagtatt acatccttcg tc #cagaagta   1680 attgaaacct attggtatct atggcgattt acccacgacc caagatacag gc #agtggggc   1740 tgggaagcag cactggctat tgagaagtcg tgccgggtca gcggtgggtt tt #ctggtgtc   1800 aaggatgtat acgccccgac ccctgtgcat gacgacgtgc agcagagctt tt #ctcttgct   1860 gaaacattaa aatacttgta cctgctgttc tctggcgatg accttctacc tt #tagaccac   1920 tgggtgttta acacagaggc gcaccctctg ccggtgttgc gcttagccaa ca #gcactctt   1980 tcaggtaatc ctgctgtccg acacgacgag ttgtaa       #                   #     2016 <210> SEQ ID NO 16 <211> LENGTH: 6757 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial  #Sequence:Sequence of       plasmid pAOX2ZAGLSII. <400> SEQUENCE: 16 catggccaag ttgaccagtg ccgttccggt gctcaccgcg cgcgacgtcg cc #ggagcggt     60 cgagttctgg accgaccggc tcgggttctc ccgggacttc gtggaggacg ac #ttcgccgg    120 tgtggtccgg gacgacgtga ccctgttcat cagcgcggtc caggaccagg tg #gtgccgga    180 caacaccctg gcctgggtgt gggtgcgcgg cctggacgag ctgtacgccg ag #tggtcgga    240 ggtcgtgtcc acgaacttcc gggacgcctc cgggccggcc atgaccgaga tc #ggcgagca    300 gccgtggggg cgggagttcg ccctgcgcga cccggccggc aactgcgtgc ac #ttcgtggc    360 cgaggagcag gactgacacg tccgacggcg gcccacgggt cccaggcctc gg #agatccgt    420 cccccttttc ctttgtcgat atcatgtaat tagttatgtc acgcttacat tc #acgccctc    480 cccccacatc cgctctaacc gaaaaggaag gagttagaca acctgaagtc ta #ggtcccta    540 tttatttttt tatagttatg ttagtattaa gaacgttatt tatatttcaa at #ttttcttt    600 tttttctgta cagacgcgtg tacgcatgta acattatact gaaaaccttg ct #tgagaagg    660 ttttgggacg ctcgaaggct ttaatttgca agctggagac caacatgtga gc #aaaaggcc    720 agcaaaaggc caggaaccgt aaaaaggccg cgttgctggc gtttttccat ag #gctccgcc    780 cccctgacga gcatcacaaa aatcgacgct caagtcagag gtggcgaaac cc #gacaggac    840 tataaagata ccaggcgttt ccccctggaa gctccctcgt gcgctctcct gt #tccgaccc    900 tgccgcttac cggatacctg tccgcctttc tcccttcggg aagcgtggcg ct #ttctcaat    960 gctcacgctg taggtatctc agttcggtgt aggtcgttcg ctccaagctg gg #ctgtgtgc   1020 acgaaccccc cgttcagccc gaccgctgcg ccttatccgg taactatcgt ct #tgagtcca   1080 acccggtaag acacgactta tcgccactgg cagcagccac tggtaacagg at #tagcagag   1140 cgaggtatgt aggcggtgct acagagttct tgaagtggtg gcctaactac gg #ctacacta   1200 gaaggacagt atttggtatc tgcgctctgc tgaagccagt taccttcgga aa #aagagttg   1260 gtagctcttg atccggcaaa caaaccaccg ctggtagcgg tggttttttt gt #ttgcaagc   1320 agcagattac gcgcagaaaa aaaggatctc aagaagatcc tttgatcttt tc #tacggggt   1380 ctgacgctca gtggaacgaa aactcacgtt aagggatttt ggtcatgaga tc #agatcttt   1440 ttttcagacc atatgaccgg tccatcttct acggggggat tatctatgct tt #gacctcta   1500 tcttgattct tttatgattc aaatcacttt tacgttattt attacttact gg #ttatttac   1560 ttagcgcctt ttctgaaaaa catttactaa aaatcataca tcggcactct ca #aacacgac   1620 agattgtgat caagaagcag agacaatcac cactaaggtt gcacatttga gc #cagtaggc   1680 tcctaataga ggttcgatac ttattttgat aatacgacat attgtcttac ct #ctgaatgt   1740 gtcaatactc tctcgttctt cgtctcgtca gctaaaaata taacacttcg ag #taagatac   1800 gcccaattga aggctacgag ataccagact atcactagta gaactttgac at #ctgctaaa   1860 gcagatcaaa tatccattta tccagaatca attaccttcc tttagcttgt cg #aaggcatg   1920 aaaaagctac atgaaaatcc ccatccttga agttttgtca gcttaaagga ct #ccatttcc   1980 taaaatttca agcagtcctc tcaactaaat ttttttccat tcctctgcac cc #agccctct   2040 tcatcaaccg tccagccttc tcaaaagtcc aatgtaagta gcctgcaaat tc #aggttaca   2100 acccctcaat tttccatcca agggcgatcc ttacaaagtt aatatcgaac ag #cagagact   2160 aagcgagtca tcatcaccac ccaacgatgg tgaaaaactt taagcataga tt #gatggagg   2220 gtgtatggca cttggcggct gcattagagt ttgaaactat ggggtaatac at #cacatccg   2280 gaactgatcc gactccgaga tcatatgcaa agcacgtgat gtaccccgta aa #ctgctcgg   2340 attatcgttg caattcatcg tcttaaacag tacaagaaac tttattcatg gg #tcattgga   2400 ctctgatgag gggcacattt ccccaatgat tttttgggaa agaaagccgt aa #gaggacag   2460 ttaagcgaaa gagacaagac aacgaacagc aaaagtgaca gctgtcagct ac #ctagtgga   2520 cagttgggag tttccaattg gttggttttg aatttttacc catgttgagt tg #tccttgct   2580 tctccttgca aacaatgcaa gttgataaga catcaccttc caagataggc ta #tttttgtc   2640 gcataaattt ttgtctcgga gtgaaaaccc cttttatgtg aacagattac ag #aagcgtcc   2700 tacccttcac cggttgagat ggggagaaaa ttaagcgatg aggagacgat ta #ttggtata   2760 aaagaagcaa ccaaaatccc ttattgtcct tttctgatca gcatcaaaga at #attgtctt   2820 aaaacgggct tttaactaca ttgttcttac acattgcaaa cctcttcctt ct #atttcgga   2880 tcaactgtat tgactacatt gatctttttt aacgaagttt acgacttact aa #atccccac   2940 aaacaaatca actgagaaaa gaattcacgt ggcccagccg gccgtctcgg at #cggtacct   3000 cgagatggtc cttttgaaat ggctcgtatg ccaattggtc ttctttaccg ct #ttttcgca   3060 tgcgtttacc gactatctat taaagaagtg tgcgcaatct gggttttgcc at #agaaacag   3120 ggtttatgca gaaaatattg ccaaatctca tcactgctat tacaaagtgg ac #gccgagtc   3180 tattgcacac gatcctttag agaatgtgct tcatgctacc ataattaaaa ct #ataccaag   3240 attggagggc gatgatatag ccgttcagtt cccattctct ctctcttttt ta #caggatca   3300 ctcagtaagg ttcactataa atgagaaaga gagaatgcca accaacagca gc #ggtttgtt   3360 gatctcttca caacggttca atgagacctg gaagtacgca ttcgacaaga aa #tttcaaga   3420 ggaggcgaac aggaccagta ttccacaatt ccacttcctt aagcaaaaac aa #actgtgaa   3480 ctcattctgg tcgaaaatat cttcattttt gtcactttca aactccactg ca #gacacatt   3540 tcatcttcga aacggtgatg tatccgtaga aatctttgct gaaccttttc aa #ttgaaagt   3600 ttactggcaa aatgcgctga aacttattgt aaacgagcaa aatttcctga ac #attgaaca   3660 tcatagaact aagcaggaaa acttcgcaca cgtgctgcca gaagaaacaa ct #ttcaacat   3720 gtttaaggac aatttcttgt attcaaagca tgactctatg cctttggggc ct #gaatcggt   3780 tgcgctagat ttctctttca tgggttctac taatgtctac ggtataccgg aa #catgcgac   3840 gtcgctaagg ctgatggaca cttcaggtgg aaaggaaccc tacaggcttt tc #aacgttga   3900 tgtctttgag tacaacatcg gtaccagcca accaatgtac ggttcgatcc ca #ttcatgtt   3960 ttcatcttcg tccacatcta tcttttgggt caatgcagct gacacttggg ta #gacataaa   4020 gtatgacacc agtaaaaata aaacgatgac tcattggatc tccgaaaatg gt #gtcataga   4080 tgtagtcatg tccctggggc cagatattcc aactatcatt gacaaattta cc #gatttgac   4140 tggtagaccc tttttaccgc ccatttcctc tatagggtac catcaatgta ga #tggaatta   4200 taatgatgag atggacgttc tcacagtgga ctctcagatg gatgctcata tg #attcctta   4260 cgattttatt tggttggact tggagtatac gaacgacaaa aaatatttta ct #tggaagca   4320 gcactccttt cccaatccaa aaaggctgtt atccaaatta aaaaagttgg gt #agaaatct   4380 tgtcgtacta atcgatcctc atttaaagaa agattatgaa atcagtgaca gg #gtaattaa   4440 tgaaaatgta gcagtcaagg atcacaatgg aaatgactat gtaggtcatt gc #tggccagg   4500 taattctata tggattgata ccataagcaa atatggccaa aagatttgga ag #tccttttt   4560 cgaacggttt atggatctgc cggctgattt aactaattta ttcatttgga at #gatatgaa   4620 cgagccttcg attttcgatg gcccagagac cacagctcca aaagatttga tt #cacgacaa   4680 ttacattgag gaaagatccg tccataacat atatggtcta tcagtgcatg aa #gctactta   4740 cgacgcaata aaatcgattt attcaccatc cgataagcgt cctttccttc ta #acaagggc   4800 tttttttgcc ggctctcaac gtactgctgc cacatggact ggtgacaatg tg #gccaattg   4860 ggattactta aagatttcca ttcctatggt tctgtcaaac aacattgctg gt #atgccatt   4920 tataggagcc gacatagctg gctttgctga ggatcctaca cctgaattga tt #gcacgttg   4980 gtaccaagcg ggcttatggt acccattttt tagagcacac gcccatatag ac #accaagag   5040 aagagaacca tacttattca atgaaccttt gaagtcgata gtacgtgata tt #atccaatt   5100 gagatatttc ctgctaccta ccttatacac catgtttcat aaatcaagtg tc #actggatt   5160 tccgataatg aatccaatgt ttattgaaca ccctgaattt gctgaattgt at #catatcga   5220 taaccaattt tactggagta attcaggtct attagtcaaa cctgtcacgg ag #cctggtca   5280 atcagaaacg gaaatggttt tcccacccgg tatattctat gaattcgcat ct #ttacactc   5340 ttttataaac aatggtactg atttgataga aaagaatatt tctgcaccat tg #gataaaat   5400 tccattattt attgaaggcg gtcacattat cactatgaaa gataagtata ga #agatcttc   5460 aatgttaatg aaaaacgatc catatgtaat agttatagcc cctgataccg ag #ggacgagc   5520 cgttggagat ctttatgttg atgatggaga aacttttggc taccaaagag gt #gagtacgt   5580 agaaactcag ttcattttcg aaaacaatac cttaaaaaat gttcgaagtc at #attcccga   5640 gaatttgaca ggcattcacc acaatacttt gaggaatacc aatattgaaa aa #atcattat   5700 cgcaaagaat aatttacaac acaacataac gttgaaagac agtattaaag tc #aaaaaaaa   5760 tggcgaagaa agttcattgc cgactagatc gtcatatgag aatgataata ag #atcaccat   5820 tcttaaccta tcgcttgaca taactgaaga ttgggaagtt atttttgggc cc #gaacaaaa   5880 actcatctca gaagaggatc tgaatagcgc cgtcgaccat catcatcatc at #cattgagt   5940 tttagcctta gacatgactg ttcctcagtt caagttgggc acttacgaga ag #accggtct   6000 tgctagattc taatcaagag gatgtcagaa tgccatttgc ctgagagatg ca #ggcttcat   6060 ttttgatact tttttatttg taacctatat agtataggat tttttttgtc at #tttgtttc   6120 ttctcgtacg agcttgctcc tgatcagcct atctcgcagc tgatgaatat ct #tgtggtag   6180 gggtttggga aaatcattcg agtttgatgt ttttcttggt atttcccact cc #tcttcaga   6240 gtacagaaga ttaagtgaga ccttcgtttg tgcggatccc ccacacacca ta #gcttcaaa   6300 atgtttctac tcctttttta ctcttccaga ttttctcgga ctccgcgcat cg #ccgtacca   6360 cttcaaaaca cccaagcaca gcatactaaa ttttccctct ttcttcctct ag #ggtgtcgt   6420 taattacccg tactaaaggt ttggaaaaga aaaaagagac cgcctcgttt ct #ttttcttc   6480 gtcgaaaaag gcaataaaaa tttttatcac gtttcttttt cttgaaattt tt #ttttttag   6540 tttttttctc tttcagtgac ctccattgat atttaagtta ataaacggtc tt #caatttct   6600 caagtttcag tttcattttt cttgttctat tacaactttt tttacttctt gt #tcattaga   6660 aagaaagcat agcaatctaa tctaagggcg gtgttgacaa ttaatcatcg gc #atagtata   6720 tcggcatagt ataatacgac aaggtgagga actaaac       #                   #    6757 <210> SEQ ID NO 17 <211> LENGTH: 8272 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial  #Sequence:Sequence of       plasmid pAOX2ADE1glsII. <400> SEQUENCE: 17 tcgaccggct gcattaatga atcggccaac gcgcggggag aggcggtttg cg #tattgggc     60 gctcttccgc ttcctcgctc actgactcgc tgcgctcggt cgttcggctg cg #gcgagcgg    120 tatcagctca ctcaaaggcg gtaatacggt tatccacaga atcaggggat aa #cgcaggaa    180 agaacatgtg agcaaaaggc cagcaaaagg ccaggaaccg taaaaaggcc gc #gttgctgg    240 cgtttttcca taggctccgc ccccctgacg agcatcacaa aaatcgacgc tc #aagtcaga    300 ggtggcgaaa cccgacagga ctataaagat accaggcgtt tccccctgga ag #ctccctcg    360 tgcgctctcc tgttccgacc ctgccgctta ccggatacct gtccgccttt ct #cccttcgg    420 gaagcgtggc gctttctcat agctcacgct gtaggtatct cagttcggtg ta #ggtcgttc    480 gctccaagct gggctgtgtg cacgaacccc ccgttcagcc cgaccgctgc gc #cttatccg    540 gtaactatcg tcttgagtcc aacccggtaa gacacgactt atcgccactg gc #agcagcca    600 ctggtaacag gattagcaga gcgaggtatg taggcggtgc tacagagttc tt #gaagtggt    660 ggcctaacta cggctacact agaaggacag tatttggtat ctgcgctctg ct #gaagccag    720 ttaccttcgg aaaaagagtt ggtagctctt gatccggcaa acaaaccacc gc #tggtagcg    780 gtggtttttt tgtttgcaag cagcagatta cgcgcagaaa aaaaggatct ca #agaagatc    840 ctttgatctt ttctacgggg tctgacgctc agtggaacga aaactcacgt ta #agggattt    900 tggtcatgag attatcaaaa aggatcttca cctagatcct tttaaattaa aa #atgaagtt    960 ttaaatcaat ctaaagtata tatgagtaaa cttggtctga cagttaccaa tg #cttaatca   1020 gtgaggcacc tatctcagcg atctgtctat ttcgttcatc catagttgcc tg #actccccg   1080 tcgtgtagat aactacgata cgggagggct taccatctgg ccccagtgct gc #aatgatac   1140 cgcgagaccc acgctcaccg gctccagatt tatcagcaat aaaccagcca gc #cggaaggg   1200 ccgagcgcag aagtggtcct gcaactttat ccgcctccat ccagtctatt aa #ttgttgcc   1260 gggaagctag agtaagtagt tcgccagtta atagtttgcg caacgttgtt gc #cattgcta   1320 caggcatcgt ggtgtcacgc tcgtcgtttg gtatggcttc attcagctcc gg #ttcccaac   1380 gatcaaggcg agttacatga tcccccatgt tgtgcaaaaa agcggttagc tc #cttcggtc   1440 ctccgatcgt tgtcagaagt aagttggccg cagtgttatc actcatggtt at #ggcagcac   1500 tgcataattc tcttactgtc atgccatccg taagatgctt ttctgtgact gg #tgagtact   1560 caaccaagtc attctgagaa tagtgtatgc ggcgaccgag ttgctcttgc cc #ggcgtcaa   1620 tacgggataa taccgcgcca catagcagaa ctttaaaagt gctcatcatt gg #aaaacgtt   1680 cttcggggcg aaaactctca aggatcttac cgctgttgag atccagttcg at #gtaaccca   1740 ctcgtgcacc caactgatct tcagcatctt ttactttcac cagcgtttct gg #gtgagcaa   1800 aaacaggaag gcaaaatgcc gcaaaaaagg gaataagggc gacacggaaa tg #ttgaatac   1860 tcatactctt cctttttcaa tagctccaag gcaacaaatt gactactcag ac #cgacattc   1920 attcgttatt gattttaaat caacgataaa cggaatggtt acttgaatga tt #tcacttta   1980 tgatcattgt ttactaatta cctaaatagg attttatatg gaattggaag aa #taagggaa   2040 atttcagatg tctgaaaaag gcgaggaggg tactaatcat tcaagcccat tt #cttgccag   2100 taattgcttc ataagcttca atatactttt ctttactctt gatagcaatt tc #tgcatcca   2160 tggctacgcc ctctttgcca ttcaatccgt tggccgtcaa ccaatctctg ag #aaactgct   2220 tatcgtaact ctcttgcgat ttacccactt ggtaagtctt ttgattccaa aa #tctagaag   2280 aatctggagt taaaacttca tctactagta ccaattcatt gttttcgtcc ag #tccaaatt   2340 cgaatttcgt atcagcaata atgatcccct tcaaaagggc gaagtttttt gc #agcagaat   2400 acaactcgac cgccttgaca gcgaccttct cacaaatgtc tttacctaca at #ctcagcag   2460 cttgttcaat agagatgttt tcatcgtgtt caccctgttc agctttcgtt ga #aggtgtga   2520 aaatcggagt tggaaaggcg tcgctctctt gaaggttctc gttttcaacc tt #gactccat   2580 ggacagtttt tgagttcttg tactctttcc atgcacttcc agtgatgtaa cc #tctgacaa   2640 tggcttccaa aggtatcagt ctgtgctttt ttactatcaa ggatcgtccc tc #taattgag   2700 atttgtattt ttcttcagac agttttgatg gtagtaaagc aaagacttcc tt #gtcattag   2760 aagcaaccaa atgattcttt atgtagggtg ccaaaaaatc aaaccagaaa ac #tgagagct   2820 gagtcaaaat ctttccctta tcaggaatac cgtttgtcat aatcacatcg ta #agcggaga   2880 tacggtcagt tgcgacgaac agcaagttgt tctcatcgac tgcataaatg tc #tctaacct   2940 ttcctttggc gattaaaggt aggattccgt ccagatcagt gttcacaatg ga #catacttg   3000 gaaggataca gcaaagtgtg ttggaagcga tgacacatgg aaaggaattt tt #cgagtttc   3060 ctagagtagt atattggggc ggtgaaagtt cagatgttta atgcttaata ct #cttatact   3120 cttcaaagcg cccaagtgtt tctgccaacc tgactttttt ctgaataatg aa #tcgttcaa   3180 gtggagtatt taaaccatga ttaagttacg tgatttggca ctggataagg tc #gaaaaata   3240 tccgtattca taaacgatta ttggtaaaag ttacaaaata ccactaatta cg #gagaagct   3300 tagtaacagt tatcatctct tggtcgatta acgcttacaa tttccattcg cc #attcaggc   3360 tgcgcaactg ttgggaaggg cgatcggtgc gggcctcttc gctattacgc ca #gggcctcg   3420 aggcacaaac gaacgtctca cttaatcttc tgtactctga agaggagtgg ga #aataccaa   3480 gaaaaacatc aaactcgaat gattttccca aacccctacc acaagatatt ca #tcagctgc   3540 gagataggct gatcaggagc aagctcgtac gagaagaaac aaaatgacaa aa #aaaatcct   3600 atactatata ggttacaaat aaaaaagtat caaaaatgaa gcctgcatct ct #caggcaaa   3660 tggcattctg acatcctctt gattagaatc tagcaagacc ggtcttctcg ta #agtgccca   3720 acttgaactg aggaacagtc atgtctaagg ctaaaactca atgatgatga tg #atgatggt   3780 cgacggcgct attcagatcc tcttctgaga tgagtttttg ttcgggccca aa #aataactt   3840 cccaatcttc agttatgtca agcgataggt taagaatggt gatcttatta tc #attctcat   3900 atgacgatct agtcggcaat gaactttctt cgccattttt tttgacttta at #actgtctt   3960 tcaacgttat gttgtgttgt aaattattct ttgcgataat gattttttca at #attggtat   4020 tcctcaaagt attgtggtga atgcctgtca aattctcggg aatatgactt cg #aacatttt   4080 ttaaggtatt gttttcgaaa atgaactgag tttctacgta ctcacctctt tg #gtagccaa   4140 aagtttctcc atcatcaaca taaagatctc caacggctcg tccctcggta tc #aggggcta   4200 taactattac atatggatcg tttttcatta acattgaaga tcttctatac tt #atctttca   4260 tagtgataat gtgaccgcct tcaataaata atggaatttt atccaatggt gc #agaaatat   4320 tcttttctat caaatcagta ccattgttta taaaagagtg taaagatgcg aa #ttcataga   4380 atataccggg tgggaaaacc atttccgttt ctgattgacc aggctccgtg ac #aggtttga   4440 ctaatagacc tgaattactc cagtaaaatt ggttatcgat atgatacaat tc #agcaaatt   4500 cagggtgttc aataaacatt ggattcatta tcggaaatcc agtgacactt ga #tttatgaa   4560 acatggtgta taaggtaggt agcaggaaat atctcaattg gataatatca cg #tactatcg   4620 acttcaaagg ttcattgaat aagtatggtt ctcttctctt ggtgtctata tg #ggcgtgtg   4680 ctctaaaaaa tgggtaccat aagcccgctt ggtaccaacg tgcaatcaat tc #aggtgtag   4740 gatcctcagc aaagccagct atgtcggctc ctataaatgg cataccagca at #gttgtttg   4800 acagaaccat aggaatggaa atctttaagt aatcccaatt ggccacattg tc #accagtcc   4860 atgtggcagc agtacgttga gagccggcaa aaaaagccct tgttagaagg aa #aggacgct   4920 tatcggatgg tgaataaatc gattttattg cgtcgtaagt agcttcatgc ac #tgatagac   4980 catatatgtt atggacggat ctttcctcaa tgtaattgtc gtgaatcaaa tc #ttttggag   5040 ctgtggtctc tgggccatcg aaaatcgaag gctcgttcat atcattccaa at #gaataaat   5100 tagttaaatc agccggcaga tccataaacc gttcgaaaaa ggacttccaa at #cttttggc   5160 catatttgct tatggtatca atccatatag aattacctgg ccagcaatga cc #tacatagt   5220 catttccatt gtgatccttg actgctacat tttcattaat taccctgtca ct #gatttcat   5280 aatctttctt taaatgagga tcgattagta cgacaagatt tctacccaac tt #ttttaatt   5340 tggataacag cctttttgga ttgggaaagg agtgctgctt ccaagtaaaa ta #ttttttgt   5400 cgttcgtata ctccaagtcc aaccaaataa aatcgtaagg aatcatatga gc #atccatct   5460 gagagtccac tgtgagaacg tccatctcat cattataatt ccatctacat tg #atggtacc   5520 ctatagagga aatgggcggt aaaaagggtc taccagtcaa atcggtaaat tt #gtcaatga   5580 tagttggaat atctggcccc agggacatga ctacatctat gacaccattt tc #ggagatcc   5640 aatgagtcat cgttttattt ttactggtgt catactttat gtctacccaa gt #gtcagctg   5700 cattgaccca aaagatagat gtggacgaag atgaaaacat gaatgggatc ga #accgtaca   5760 ttggttggct ggtaccgatg ttgtactcaa agacatcaac gttgaaaagc ct #gtagggtt   5820 cctttccacc tgaagtgtcc atcagcctta gcgacgtcgc atgttccggt at #accgtaga   5880 cattagtaga acccatgaaa gagaaatcta gcgcaaccga ttcaggcccc aa #aggcatag   5940 agtcatgctt tgaatacaag aaattgtcct taaacatgtt gaaagttgtt tc #ttctggca   6000 gcacgtgtgc gaagttttcc tgcttagttc tatgatgttc aatgttcagg aa #attttgct   6060 cgtttacaat aagtttcagc gcattttgcc agtaaacttt caattgaaaa gg #ttcagcaa   6120 agatttctac ggatacatca ccgtttcgaa gatgaaatgt gtctgcagtg ga #gtttgaaa   6180 gtgacaaaaa tgaagatatt ttcgaccaga atgagttcac agtttgtttt tg #cttaagga   6240 agtggaattg tggaatactg gtcctgttcg cctcctcttg aaatttcttg tc #gaatgcgt   6300 acttccaggt ctcattgaac cgttgtgaag agatcaacaa accgctgctg tt #ggttggca   6360 ttctctcttt ctcatttata gtgaacctta ctgagtgatc ctgtaaaaaa ga #gagagaga   6420 atgggaactg aacggctata tcatcgccct ccaatcttgg tatagtttta at #tatggtag   6480 catgaagcac attctctaaa ggatcgtgtg caatagactc ggcgtccact tt #gtaatagc   6540 agtgatgaga tttggcaata ttttctgcat aaaccctgtt tctatggcaa aa #cccagatt   6600 gcgcacactt ctttaataga tagtcggtaa acgcatgcga aaaagcggta aa #gaagacca   6660 attggcatac gagccatttc aaaaggacca tctcgaggta ccgatccgag ac #ggccggct   6720 gggccacgtg aattcttttc tcagttgatt tgtttgtggg gatttagtaa gt #cgtaaact   6780 tcgttaaaaa agatcaatgt agtcaataca gttgatccga aatagaagga ag #aggtttgc   6840 aatgtgtaag aacaatgtag ttaaaagccc gttttaagac aatattcttt ga #tgctgatc   6900 agaaaaggac aataagggat tttggttgct tcttttatac caataatcgt ct #cctcatcg   6960 cttaattttc tccccatctc aaccggtgaa gggtaggacg cttctgtaat ct #gttcacat   7020 aaaaggggtt ttcactccga gacaaaaatt tatgcgacaa aaatagccta tc #ttggaagg   7080 tgatgtctta tcaacttgca ttgtttgcaa ggagaagcaa ggacaactca ac #atgggtaa   7140 aaattcaaaa ccaaccaatt ggaaactccc aactgtccac taggtagctg ac #agctgtca   7200 cttttgctgt tcgttgtctt gtctctttcg cttaactgtc ctcttacggc tt #tctttccc   7260 aaaaaatcat tggggaaatg tgcccctcat cagagtccaa tgacccatga at #aaagtttc   7320 ttgtactgtt taagacgatg aattgcaacg ataatccgag cagtttacgg gg #tacatcac   7380 gtgctttgca tatgatctcg gagtcggatc agttccggat gtgatgtatt ac #cccatagt   7440 ttcaaactct aatgcagccg ccaagtgcca tacaccctcc atcaatctat gc #ttaaagtt   7500 tttcaccatc gttgggtggt gatgatgact cgcttagtct ctgctgttcg at #attaactt   7560 tgtaaggatc gcccttggat ggaaaattga ggggttgtaa cctgaatttg ca #ggctactt   7620 acattggact tttgagaagg ctggacggtt gatgaagagg gctgggtgca ga #ggaatgga   7680 aaaaaattta gttgagagga ctgcttgaaa ttttaggaaa tggagtcctt ta #agctgaca   7740 aaacttcaag gatggggatt ttcatgtagc tttttcatgc cttcgacaag ct #aaaggaag   7800 gtaattgatt ctggataaat ggatatttga tctgctttag cagatgtcaa ag #ttctacta   7860 gtgatagtct ggtatctcgt agccttcaat tgggcgtatc ttactcgaag tg #ttatattt   7920 ttagctgacg agacgaagaa cgagagagta ttgacacatt cagaggtaag ac #aatatgtc   7980 gtattatcaa aataagtatc gaacctctat taggagccta ctggctcaaa tg #tgcaacct   8040 tagtggtgat tgtctctgct tcttgatcac aatctgtcgt gtttgagagt gc #cgatgtat   8100 gatttttagt aaatgttttt cagaaaaggc gctaagtaaa taaccagtaa gt #aataaata   8160 acgtaaaagt gatttgaatc ataaaagaat caagatagag gtcaaagcat ag #ataatccc   8220 cccgtagaag atggaccggt catatggtct gaaaaaaaga tctgatctca tg #           8272 <210> SEQ ID NO 18 <211> LENGTH: 5727 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial  #Sequence:Sequence of       plasmid pGAPZAGLSII. <400> SEQUENCE: 18 tcgagatggt ccttttgaaa tggctcgtat gccaattggt cttctttacc gc #tttttcgc     60 atgcgtttac cgactatcta ttaaagaagt gtgcgcaatc tgggttttgc ca #tagaaaca    120 gggtttatgc agaaaatatt gccaaatctc atcactgcta ttacaaagtg ga #cgccgagt    180 ctattgcaca cgatccttta gagaatgtgc ttcatgctac cataattaaa ac #tataccaa    240 gattggaggg cgatgatata gccgttcagt tcccattctc tctctctttt tt #acaggatc    300 actcagtaag gttcactata aatgagaaag agagaatgcc aaccaacagc ag #cggtttgt    360 tgatctcttc acaacggttc aatgagacct ggaagtacgc attcgacaag aa #atttcaag    420 aggaggcgaa caggaccagt attccacaat tccacttcct taagcaaaaa ca #aactgtga    480 actcattctg gtcgaaaata tcttcatttt tgtcactttc aaactccact gc #agacacat    540 ttcatcttcg aaacggtgat gtatccgtag aaatctttgc tgaacctttt ca #attgaaag    600 tttactggca aaatgcgctg aaacttattg taaacgagca aaatttcctg aa #cattgaac    660 atcatagaac taagcaggaa aacttcgcac acgtgctgcc agaagaaaca ac #tttcaaca    720 tgtttaagga caatttcttg tattcaaagc atgactctat gcctttgggg cc #tgaatcgg    780 ttgcgctaga tttctctttc atgggttcta ctaatgtcta cggtataccg ga #acatgcga    840 cgtcgctaag gctgatggac acttcaggtg gaaaggaacc ctacaggctt tt #caacgttg    900 atgtctttga gtacaacatc ggtaccagcc aaccaatgta cggttcgatc cc #attcatgt    960 tttcatcttc gtccacatct atcttttggg tcaatgcagc tgacacttgg gt #agacataa   1020 agtatgacac cagtaaaaat aaaacgatga ctcattggat ctccgaaaat gg #tgtcatag   1080 atgtagtcat gtccctgggg ccagatattc caactatcat tgacaaattt ac #cgatttga   1140 ctggtagacc ctttttaccg cccatttcct ctatagggta ccatcaatgt ag #atggaatt   1200 ataatgatga gatggacgtt ctcacagtgg actctcagat ggatgctcat at #gattcctt   1260 acgattttat ttggttggac ttggagtata cgaacgacaa aaaatatttt ac #ttggaagc   1320 agcactcctt tcccaatcca aaaaggctgt tatccaaatt aaaaaagttg gg #tagaaatc   1380 ttgtcgtact aatcgatcct catttaaaga aagattatga aatcagtgac ag #ggtaatta   1440 atgaaaatgt agcagtcaag gatcacaatg gaaatgacta tgtaggtcat tg #ctggccag   1500 gtaattctat atggattgat accataagca aatatggcca aaagatttgg aa #gtcctttt   1560 tcgaacggtt tatggatctg ccggctgatt taactaattt attcatttgg aa #tgatatga   1620 acgagccttc gattttcgat ggcccagaga ccacagctcc aaaagatttg at #tcacgaca   1680 attacattga ggaaagatcc gtccataaca tatatggtct atcagtgcat ga #agctactt   1740 acgacgcaat aaaatcgatt tattcaccat ccgataagcg tcctttcctt ct #aacaaggg   1800 ctttttttgc cggctctcaa cgtactgctg ccacatggac tggtgacaat gt #ggccaatt   1860 gggattactt aaagatttcc attcctatgg ttctgtcaaa caacattgct gg #tatgccat   1920 ttataggagc cgacatagct ggctttgctg aggatcctac acctgaattg at #tgcacgtt   1980 ggtaccaagc gggcttatgg tacccatttt ttagagcaca cgcccatata ga #caccaaga   2040 gaagagaacc atacttattc aatgaacctt tgaagtcgat agtacgtgat at #tatccaat   2100 tgagatattt cctgctacct accttataca ccatgtttca taaatcaagt gt #cactggat   2160 ttccgataat gaatccaatg tttattgaac accctgaatt tgctgaattg ta #tcatatcg   2220 ataaccaatt ttactggagt aattcaggtc tattagtcaa acctgtcacg ga #gcctggtc   2280 aatcagaaac ggaaatggtt ttcccacccg gtatattcta tgaattcgca tc #tttacact   2340 cttttataaa caatggtact gatttgatag aaaagaatat ttctgcacca tt #ggataaaa   2400 ttccattatt tattgaaggc ggtcacatta tcactatgaa agataagtat ag #aagatctt   2460 caatgttaat gaaaaacgat ccatatgtaa tagttatagc ccctgatacc ga #gggacgag   2520 ccgttggaga tctttatgtt gatgatggag aaacttttgg ctaccaaaga gg #tgagtacg   2580 tagaaactca gttcattttc gaaaacaata ccttaaaaaa tgttcgaagt ca #tattcccg   2640 agaatttgac aggcattcac cacaatactt tgaggaatac caatattgaa aa #aatcatta   2700 tcgcaaagaa taatttacaa cacaacataa cgttgaaaga cagtattaaa gt #caaaaaaa   2760 atggcgaaga aagttcattg ccgactagat cgtcatatga gaatgataat aa #gatcacca   2820 ttcttaacct atcgcttgac ataactgaag attgggaagt tatttttggg cc #cgaacaaa   2880 aactcatctc agaagaggat ctgaatagcg ccgtcgacca tcatcatcat ca #tcattgag   2940 ttttagcctt agacatgact gttcctcagt tcaagttggg cacttacgag aa #gaccggtc   3000 ttgctagatt ctaatcaaga ggatgtcaga atgccatttg cctgagagat gc #aggcttca   3060 tttttgatac ttttttattt gtaacctata tagtatagga ttttttttgt ca #ttttgttt   3120 cttctcgtac gagcttgctc ctgatcagcc tatctcgcag ctgatgaata tc #ttgtggta   3180 ggggtttggg aaaatcattc gagtttgatg tttttcttgg tatttcccac tc #ctcttcag   3240 agtacagaag attaagtgag accttcgttt gtgcggatcc cccacacacc at #agcttcaa   3300 aatgtttcta ctcctttttt actcttccag attttctcgg actccgcgca tc #gccgtacc   3360 acttcaaaac acccaagcac agcatactaa attttccctc tttcttcctc ta #gggtgtcg   3420 ttaattaccc gtactaaagg tttggaaaag aaaaaagaga ccgcctcgtt tc #tttttctt   3480 cgtcgaaaaa ggcaataaaa atttttatca cgtttctttt tcttgaaatt tt #ttttttta   3540 gtttttttct ctttcagtga cctccattga tatttaagtt aataaacggt ct #tcaatttc   3600 tcaagtttca gtttcatttt tcttgttcta ttacaacttt ttttacttct tg #ttcattag   3660 aaagaaagca tagcaatcta atctaagggc ggtgttgaca attaatcatc gg #catagtat   3720 atcggcatag tataatacga caaggtgagg aactaaacca tggccaagtt ga #ccagtgcc   3780 gttccggtgc tcaccgcgcg cgacgtcgcc ggagcggtcg agttctggac cg #accggctc   3840 gggttctccc gggacttcgt ggaggacgac ttcgccggtg tggtccggga cg #acgtgacc   3900 ctgttcatca gcgcggtcca ggaccaggtg gtgccggaca acaccctggc ct #gggtgtgg   3960 gtgcgcggcc tggacgagct gtacgccgag tggtcggagg tcgtgtccac ga #acttccgg   4020 gacgcctccg ggccggccat gaccgagatc ggcgagcagc cgtgggggcg gg #agttcgcc   4080 ctgcgcgacc cggccggcaa ctgcgtgcac ttcgtggccg aggagcagga ct #gacacgtc   4140 cgacggcggc ccacgggtcc caggcctcgg agatccgtcc cccttttcct tt #gtcgatat   4200 catgtaatta gttatgtcac gcttacattc acgccctccc cccacatccg ct #ctaaccga   4260 aaaggaagga gttagacaac ctgaagtcta ggtccctatt tattttttta ta #gttatgtt   4320 agtattaaga acgttattta tatttcaaat ttttcttttt tttctgtaca ga #cgcgtgta   4380 cgcatgtaac attatactga aaaccttgct tgagaaggtt ttgggacgct cg #aaggcttt   4440 aatttgcaag ctggagacca acatgtgagc aaaaggccag caaaaggcca gg #aaccgtaa   4500 aaaggccgcg ttgctggcgt ttttccatag gctccgcccc cctgacgagc at #cacaaaaa   4560 tcgacgctca agtcagaggt ggcgaaaccc gacaggacta taaagatacc ag #gcgtttcc   4620 ccctggaagc tccctcgtgc gctctcctgt tccgaccctg ccgcttaccg ga #tacctgtc   4680 cgcctttctc ccttcgggaa gcgtggcgct ttctcaatgc tcacgctgta gg #tatctcag   4740 ttcggtgtag gtcgttcgct ccaagctggg ctgtgtgcac gaaccccccg tt #cagcccga   4800 ccgctgcgcc ttatccggta actatcgtct tgagtccaac ccggtaagac ac #gacttatc   4860 gccactggca gcagccactg gtaacaggat tagcagagcg aggtatgtag gc #ggtgctac   4920 agagttcttg aagtggtggc ctaactacgg ctacactaga aggacagtat tt #ggtatctg   4980 cgctctgctg aagccagtta ccttcggaaa aagagttggt agctcttgat cc #ggcaaaca   5040 aaccaccgct ggtagcggtg gtttttttgt ttgcaagcag cagattacgc gc #agaaaaaa   5100 aggatctcaa gaagatcctt tgatcttttc tacggggtct gacgctcagt gg #aacgaaaa   5160 ctcacgttaa gggattttgg tcatgcatga gatcagatct tttttgtaga aa #tgtcttgg   5220 tgtcctcgtc caatcaggta gccatctctg aaatatctgg ctccgttgca ac #tccgaacg   5280 acctgctggc aacgtaaaat tctccggggt aaaacttaaa tgtggagtaa tg #gaaccaga   5340 aacgtctctt cccttctctc tccttccacc gcccgttacc gtccctagga aa #ttttactc   5400 tgctggagag cttcttctac ggcccccttg cagcaatgct cttcccagca tt #acgttgcg   5460 ggtaaaacgg aggtcgtgta cccgacctag cagcccaggg atggaaaagt cc #cggccgtc   5520 gctggcaata atagcgggcg gacgcatgtc atgagattat tggaaaccac ca #gaatcgaa   5580 tataaaaggc gaacaccttt cccaattttg gtttctcctg acccaaagac tt #taaattta   5640 atttatttgt ccctatttca atcaattgaa caactatttc gaaacgagga at #tcacgtgg   5700 cccagccggc cgtctcggat cggtacc           #                   #           5727 <210> SEQ ID NO 19 <211> LENGTH: 7236 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial  #Sequence:Sequence of       plasmid pGAPADE1glsII. <400> SEQUENCE: 19 tcgaccggct gcattaatga atcggccaac gcgcggggag aggcggtttg cg #tattgggc     60 gctcttccgc ttcctcgctc actgactcgc tgcgctcggt cgttcggctg cg #gcgagcgg    120 tatcagctca ctcaaaggcg gtaatacggt tatccacaga atcaggggat aa #cgcaggaa    180 agaacatgtg agcaaaaggc cagcaaaagg ccaggaaccg taaaaaggcc gc #gttgctgg    240 cgtttttcca taggctccgc ccccctgacg agcatcacaa aaatcgacgc tc #aagtcaga    300 ggtggcgaaa cccgacagga ctataaagat accaggcgtt tccccctgga ag #ctccctcg    360 tgcgctctcc tgttccgacc ctgccgctta ccggatacct gtccgccttt ct #cccttcgg    420 gaagcgtggc gctttctcat agctcacgct gtaggtatct cagttcggtg ta #ggtcgttc    480 gctccaagct gggctgtgtg cacgaacccc ccgttcagcc cgaccgctgc gc #cttatccg    540 gtaactatcg tcttgagtcc aacccggtaa gacacgactt atcgccactg gc #agcagcca    600 ctggtaacag gattagcaga gcgaggtatg taggcggtgc tacagagttc tt #gaagtggt    660 ggcctaacta cggctacact agaaggacag tatttggtat ctgcgctctg ct #gaagccag    720 ttaccttcgg aaaaagagtt ggtagctctt gatccggcaa acaaaccacc gc #tggtagcg    780 gtggtttttt tgtttgcaag cagcagatta cgcgcagaaa aaaaggatct ca #agaagatc    840 ctttgatctt ttctacgggg tctgacgctc agtggaacga aaactcacgt ta #agggattt    900 tggtcatgag attatcaaaa aggatcttca cctagatcct tttaaattaa aa #atgaagtt    960 ttaaatcaat ctaaagtata tatgagtaaa cttggtctga cagttaccaa tg #cttaatca   1020 gtgaggcacc tatctcagcg atctgtctat ttcgttcatc catagttgcc tg #actccccg   1080 tcgtgtagat aactacgata cgggagggct taccatctgg ccccagtgct gc #aatgatac   1140 cgcgagaccc acgctcaccg gctccagatt tatcagcaat aaaccagcca gc #cggaaggg   1200 ccgagcgcag aagtggtcct gcaactttat ccgcctccat ccagtctatt aa #ttgttgcc   1260 gggaagctag agtaagtagt tcgccagtta atagtttgcg caacgttgtt gc #cattgcta   1320 caggcatcgt ggtgtcacgc tcgtcgtttg gtatggcttc attcagctcc gg #ttcccaac   1380 gatcaaggcg agttacatga tcccccatgt tgtgcaaaaa agcggttagc tc #cttcggtc   1440 ctccgatcgt tgtcagaagt aagttggccg cagtgttatc actcatggtt at #ggcagcac   1500 tgcataattc tcttactgtc atgccatccg taagatgctt ttctgtgact gg #tgagtact   1560 caaccaagtc attctgagaa tagtgtatgc ggcgaccgag ttgctcttgc cc #ggcgtcaa   1620 tacgggataa taccgcgcca catagcagaa ctttaaaagt gctcatcatt gg #aaaacgtt   1680 cttcggggcg aaaactctca aggatcttac cgctgttgag atccagttcg at #gtaaccca   1740 ctcgtgcacc caactgatct tcagcatctt ttactttcac cagcgtttct gg #gtgagcaa   1800 aaacaggaag gcaaaatgcc gcaaaaaagg gaataagggc gacacggaaa tg #ttgaatac   1860 tcatactctt cctttttcaa tagctccaag gcaacaaatt gactactcag ac #cgacattc   1920 attcgttatt gattttaaat caacgataaa cggaatggtt acttgaatga tt #tcacttta   1980 tgatcattgt ttactaatta cctaaatagg attttatatg gaattggaag aa #taagggaa   2040 atttcagatg tctgaaaaag gcgaggaggg tactaatcat tcaagcccat tt #cttgccag   2100 taattgcttc ataagcttca atatactttt ctttactctt gatagcaatt tc #tgcatcca   2160 tggctacgcc ctctttgcca ttcaatccgt tggccgtcaa ccaatctctg ag #aaactgct   2220 tatcgtaact ctcttgcgat ttacccactt ggtaagtctt ttgattccaa aa #tctagaag   2280 aatctggagt taaaacttca tctactagta ccaattcatt gttttcgtcc ag #tccaaatt   2340 cgaatttcgt atcagcaata atgatcccct tcaaaagggc gaagtttttt gc #agcagaat   2400 acaactcgac cgccttgaca gcgaccttct cacaaatgtc tttacctaca at #ctcagcag   2460 cttgttcaat agagatgttt tcatcgtgtt caccctgttc agctttcgtt ga #aggtgtga   2520 aaatcggagt tggaaaggcg tcgctctctt gaaggttctc gttttcaacc tt #gactccat   2580 ggacagtttt tgagttcttg tactctttcc atgcacttcc agtgatgtaa cc #tctgacaa   2640 tggcttccaa aggtatcagt ctgtgctttt ttactatcaa ggatcgtccc tc #taattgag   2700 atttgtattt ttcttcagac agttttgatg gtagtaaagc aaagacttcc tt #gtcattag   2760 aagcaaccaa atgattcttt atgtagggtg ccaaaaaatc aaaccagaaa ac #tgagagct   2820 gagtcaaaat ctttccctta tcaggaatac cgtttgtcat aatcacatcg ta #agcggaga   2880 tacggtcagt tgcgacgaac agcaagttgt tctcatcgac tgcataaatg tc #tctaacct   2940 ttcctttggc gattaaaggt aggattccgt ccagatcagt gttcacaatg ga #catacttg   3000 gaaggataca gcaaagtgtg ttggaagcga tgacacatgg aaaggaattt tt #cgagtttc   3060 ctagagtagt atattggggc ggtgaaagtt cagatgttta atgcttaata ct #cttatact   3120 cttcaaagcg cccaagtgtt tctgccaacc tgactttttt ctgaataatg aa #tcgttcaa   3180 gtggagtatt taaaccatga ttaagttacg tgatttggca ctggataagg tc #gaaaaata   3240 tccgtattca taaacgatta ttggtaaaag ttacaaaata ccactaatta cg #gagaagct   3300 tagtaacagt tatcatctct tggtcgatta acgcttacaa tttccattcg cc #attcaggc   3360 tgcgcaactg ttgggaaggg cgatcggtgc gggcctcttc gctattacgc ca #gggcctcg   3420 aggcacaaac gaacgtctca cttaatcttc tgtactctga agaggagtgg ga #aataccaa   3480 gaaaaacatc aaactcgaat gattttccca aacccctacc acaagatatt ca #tcagctgc   3540 gagataggct gatcaggagc aagctcgtac gagaagaaac aaaatgacaa aa #aaaatcct   3600 atactatata ggttacaaat aaaaaagtat caaaaatgaa gcctgcatct ct #caggcaaa   3660 tggcattctg acatcctctt gattagaatc tagcaagacc ggtcttctcg ta #agtgccca   3720 acttgaactg aggaacagtc atgtctaagg ctaaaactca atgatgatga tg #atgatggt   3780 cgacggcgct attcagatcc tcttctgaga tgagtttttg ttcgggccca aa #aataactt   3840 cccaatcttc agttatgtca agcgataggt taagaatggt gatcttatta tc #attctcat   3900 atgacgatct agtcggcaat gaactttctt cgccattttt tttgacttta at #actgtctt   3960 tcaacgttat gttgtgttgt aaattattct ttgcgataat gattttttca at #attggtat   4020 tcctcaaagt attgtggtga atgcctgtca aattctcggg aatatgactt cg #aacatttt   4080 ttaaggtatt gttttcgaaa atgaactgag tttctacgta ctcacctctt tg #gtagccaa   4140 aagtttctcc atcatcaaca taaagatctc caacggctcg tccctcggta tc #aggggcta   4200 taactattac atatggatcg tttttcatta acattgaaga tcttctatac tt #atctttca   4260 tagtgataat gtgaccgcct tcaataaata atggaatttt atccaatggt gc #agaaatat   4320 tcttttctat caaatcagta ccattgttta taaaagagtg taaagatgcg aa #ttcataga   4380 atataccggg tgggaaaacc atttccgttt ctgattgacc aggctccgtg ac #aggtttga   4440 ctaatagacc tgaattactc cagtaaaatt ggttatcgat atgatacaat tc #agcaaatt   4500 cagggtgttc aataaacatt ggattcatta tcggaaatcc agtgacactt ga #tttatgaa   4560 acatggtgta taaggtaggt agcaggaaat atctcaattg gataatatca cg #tactatcg   4620 acttcaaagg ttcattgaat aagtatggtt ctcttctctt ggtgtctata tg #ggcgtgtg   4680 ctctaaaaaa tgggtaccat aagcccgctt ggtaccaacg tgcaatcaat tc #aggtgtag   4740 gatcctcagc aaagccagct atgtcggctc ctataaatgg cataccagca at #gttgtttg   4800 acagaaccat aggaatggaa atctttaagt aatcccaatt ggccacattg tc #accagtcc   4860 atgtggcagc agtacgttga gagccggcaa aaaaagccct tgttagaagg aa #aggacgct   4920 tatcggatgg tgaataaatc gattttattg cgtcgtaagt agcttcatgc ac #tgatagac   4980 catatatgtt atggacggat ctttcctcaa tgtaattgtc gtgaatcaaa tc #ttttggag   5040 ctgtggtctc tgggccatcg aaaatcgaag gctcgttcat atcattccaa at #gaataaat   5100 tagttaaatc agccggcaga tccataaacc gttcgaaaaa ggacttccaa at #cttttggc   5160 catatttgct tatggtatca atccatatag aattacctgg ccagcaatga cc #tacatagt   5220 catttccatt gtgatccttg actgctacat tttcattaat taccctgtca ct #gatttcat   5280 aatctttctt taaatgagga tcgattagta cgacaagatt tctacccaac tt #ttttaatt   5340 tggataacag cctttttgga ttgggaaagg agtgctgctt ccaagtaaaa ta #ttttttgt   5400 cgttcgtata ctccaagtcc aaccaaataa aatcgtaagg aatcatatga gc #atccatct   5460 gagagtccac tgtgagaacg tccatctcat cattataatt ccatctacat tg #atggtacc   5520 ctatagagga aatgggcggt aaaaagggtc taccagtcaa atcggtaaat tt #gtcaatga   5580 tagttggaat atctggcccc agggacatga ctacatctat gacaccattt tc #ggagatcc   5640 aatgagtcat cgttttattt ttactggtgt catactttat gtctacccaa gt #gtcagctg   5700 cattgaccca aaagatagat gtggacgaag atgaaaacat gaatgggatc ga #accgtaca   5760 ttggttggct ggtaccgatg ttgtactcaa agacatcaac gttgaaaagc ct #gtagggtt   5820 cctttccacc tgaagtgtcc atcagcctta gcgacgtcgc atgttccggt at #accgtaga   5880 cattagtaga acccatgaaa gagaaatcta gcgcaaccga ttcaggcccc aa #aggcatag   5940 agtcatgctt tgaatacaag aaattgtcct taaacatgtt gaaagttgtt tc #ttctggca   6000 gcacgtgtgc gaagttttcc tgcttagttc tatgatgttc aatgttcagg aa #attttgct   6060 cgtttacaat aagtttcagc gcattttgcc agtaaacttt caattgaaaa gg #ttcagcaa   6120 agatttctac ggatacatca ccgtttcgaa gatgaaatgt gtctgcagtg ga #gtttgaaa   6180 gtgacaaaaa tgaagatatt ttcgaccaga atgagttcac agtttgtttt tg #cttaagga   6240 agtggaattg tggaatactg gtcctgttcg cctcctcttg aaatttcttg tc #gaatgcgt   6300 acttccaggt ctcattgaac cgttgtgaag agatcaacaa accgctgctg tt #ggttggca   6360 ttctctcttt ctcatttata gtgaacctta ctgagtgatc ctgtaaaaaa ga #gagagaga   6420 atgggaactg aacggctata tcatcgccct ccaatcttgg tatagtttta at #tatggtag   6480 catgaagcac attctctaaa ggatcgtgtg caatagactc ggcgtccact tt #gtaatagc   6540 agtgatgaga tttggcaata ttttctgcat aaaccctgtt tctatggcaa aa #cccagatt   6600 gcgcacactt ctttaataga tagtcggtaa acgcatgcga aaaagcggta aa #gaagacca   6660 attggcatac gagccatttc aaaaggacca tctcgaggta ccgatccgag ac #ggccggct   6720 gggccacgtg aattcctcgt ttcgaaatag ttgttcaatt gattgaaata gg #gacaaata   6780 aattaaattt aaagtctttg ggtcaggaga aaccaaaatt gggaaaggtg tt #cgcctttt   6840 atattcgatt ctggtggttt ccaataatct catgacatgc gtccgcccgc ta #ttattgcc   6900 agcgacggcc gggacttttc catccctggg ctgctaggtc gggtacacga cc #tccgtttt   6960 acccgcaacg taatgctggg aagagcattg ctgcaagggg gccgtagaag aa #gctctcca   7020 gcagagtaaa atttcctagg gacggtaacg ggcggtggaa ggagagagaa gg #gaagagac   7080 gtttctggtt ccattactcc acatttaagt tttaccccgg agaattttac gt #tgccagca   7140 ggtcgttcgg agttgcaacg gagccagata tttcagagat ggctacctga tt #ggacgagg   7200 acaccaagac atttctacaa aaaagatctg atctca       #                   #     7236 <210> SEQ ID NO 20 <211> LENGTH: 6173 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial  #Sequence:Sequence of       plasmid pPICZAGLSII. <400> SEQUENCE: 20 cgaacaaaaa ctcatctcag aagaggatct gaatagcgcc gtcgaccatc at #catcatca     60 tcattgagtt tgtagcctta gacatgactg ttcctcagtt caagttgggc ac #ttacgaga    120 agaccggtct tgctagattc taatcaagag gatgtcagaa tgccatttgc ct #gagagatg    180 caggcttcat ttttgatact tttttatttg taacctatat agtataggat tt #tttttgtc    240 attttgtttc ttctcgtacg agcttgctcc tgatcagcct atctcgcagc tg #atgaatat    300 cttgtggtag gggtttggga aaatcattcg agtttgatgt ttttcttggt at #ttcccact    360 cctcttcaga gtacagaaga ttaagtgaga ccttcgtttg tgcggatccc cc #acacacca    420 tagcttcaaa atgtttctac tcctttttta ctcttccaga ttttctcgga ct #ccgcgcat    480 cgccgtacca cttcaaaaca cccaagcaca gcatactaaa ttttccctct tt #cttcctct    540 agggtgtcgt taattacccg tactaaaggt ttggaaaaga aaaaagagac cg #cctcgttt    600 ctttttcttc gtcgaaaaag gcaataaaaa tttttatcac gtttcttttt ct #tgaaattt    660 ttttttttag tttttttctc tttcagtgac ctccattgat atttaagtta at #aaacggtc    720 ttcaatttct caagtttcag tttcattttt cttgttctat tacaactttt tt #tacttctt    780 gttcattaga aagaaagcat agcaatctaa tctaaggggc ggtgttgaca at #taatcatc    840 ggcatagtat atcggcatag tataatacga caaggtgagg aactaaacca tg #gccaagtt    900 gaccagtgcc gttccggtgc tcaccgcgcg cgacgtcgcc ggagcggtcg ag #ttctggac    960 cgaccggctc gggttctccc gggacttcgt ggaggacgac ttcgccggtg tg #gtccggga   1020 cgacgtgacc ctgttcatca gcgcggtcca ggaccaggtg gtgccggaca ac #accctggc   1080 ctgggtgtgg gtgcgcggcc tggacgagct gtacgccgag tggtcggagg tc #gtgtccac   1140 gaacttccgg gacgcctccg ggccggccat gaccgagatc ggcgagcagc cg #tgggggcg   1200 ggagttcgcc ctgcgcgacc cggccggcaa ctgcgtgcac ttcgtggccg ag #gagcagga   1260 ctgacacgtc cgacggcggc ccacgggtcc caggcctcgg agatccgtcc cc #cttttcct   1320 ttgtcgatat catgtaatta gttatgtcac gcttacattc acgccctccc cc #cacatccg   1380 ctctaaccga aaaggaagga gttagacaac ctgaagtcta ggtccctatt ta #ttttttta   1440 tagttatgtt agtattaaga acgttattta tatttcaaat ttttcttttt tt #tctgtaca   1500 gacgcgtgta cgcatgtaac attatactga aaaccttgct tgagaaggtt tt #gggacgct   1560 cgaaggcttt aatttgcaag ctggagacca acatgtgagc aaaaggccag ca #aaaggcca   1620 ggaaccgtaa aaaggccgcg ttgctggcgt ttttccatag gctccgcccc cc #tgacgagc   1680 atcacaaaaa tcgacgctca agtcagaggt ggcgaaaccc gacaggacta ta #aagatacc   1740 aggcgtttcc ccctggaagc tccctcgtgc gctctcctgt tccgaccctg cc #gcttaccg   1800 gatacctgtc cgcctttctc ccttcgggaa gcgtggcgct ttctcaatgc tc #acgctgta   1860 ggtatctcag ttcggtgtag gtcgttcgct ccaagctggg ctgtgtgcac ga #accccccg   1920 ttcagcccga ccgctgcgcc ttatccggta actatcgtct tgagtccaac cc #ggtaagac   1980 acgacttatc gccactggca gcagccactg gtaacaggat tagcagagcg ag #gtatgtag   2040 gcggtgctac agagttcttg aagtggtggc ctaactacgg ctacactaga ag #gacagtat   2100 ttggtatctg cgctctgctg aagccagtta ccttcggaaa aagagttggt ag #ctcttgat   2160 ccggcaaaca aaccaccgct ggtagcggtg gtttttttgt ttgcaagcag ca #gattacgc   2220 gcagaaaaaa aggatctcaa gaagatcctt tgatcttttc tacggggtct ga #cgctcagt   2280 ggaacgaaaa ctcacgttaa gggattttgg tcatgagatc agatctaaca tc #caaagacg   2340 aaaggttgaa tgaaaccttt ttgccatccg acatccacag gtccattctc ac #acataagt   2400 gccaaacgca acaggagggg atacactagc agcagaccgt tgcaaacgca gg #acctccac   2460 tcctcttctc ctcaacaccc acttttgcca tcgaaaaacc agcccagtta tt #gggcttga   2520 ttggagctcg ctcattccaa ttccttctat taggctacta acaccatgac tt #tattagcc   2580 tgtctatcct ggcccccctg gcgaggttca tgtttgttta tttccgaatg ca #acaagctc   2640 cgcattacac ccgaacatca ctccagatga gggctttctg agtgtggggt ca #aatagttt   2700 catgttcccc aaatggccca aaactgacag tttaaacgct gtcttggaac ct #aatatgac   2760 aaaagcgtga tctcatccaa gatgaactaa gtttggttcg ttgaaatgct aa #cggccagt   2820 tggtcaaaaa gaaacttcca aaagtcggca taccgtttgt cttgtttggt at #tgattgac   2880 gaatgctcaa aaataatctc attaatgctt agcgcagtct ctctatcgct tc #tgaacccc   2940 ggtgcacctg tgccgaaacg caaatgggga aacacccgct ttttggatga tt #atgcattg   3000 tctccacatt gtatgcttcc aagattctgg tgggaatact gctgatagcc ta #acgttcat   3060 gatcaaaatt taactgttct aacccctact tgacagcaat atataaacag aa #ggaagctg   3120 ccctgtctta aacctttttt tttatcatca ttattagctt actttcataa tt #gcgactgg   3180 ttccaattga caagcttttg attttaacga cttttaacga caacttgaga ag #atcaaaaa   3240 acaactaatt attcgaaacg aggaattcac gtggcccagc cggccgtctc gg #atcggtac   3300 ctcgagatgg tccttttgaa atggctcgta tgccaattgg tcttctttac cg #ctttttcg   3360 catgcgttta ccgactatct attaaagaag tgtgcgcaat ctgggttttg cc #atagaaac   3420 agggtttatg cagaaaatat tgccaaatct catcactgct attacaaagt gg #acgccgag   3480 tctattgcac acgatccttt agagaatgtg cttcatgcta ccataattaa aa #ctatacca   3540 agattggagg gcgatgatat agccgttcag ttcccattct ctctctcttt tt #tacaggat   3600 cactcagtaa ggttcactat aaatgagaaa gagagaatgc caaccaacag ca #gcggtttg   3660 ttgatctctt cacaacggtt caatgagacc tggaagtacg cattcgacaa ga #aatttcaa   3720 gaggaggcga acaggaccag tattccacaa ttccacttcc ttaagcaaaa ac #aaactgtg   3780 aactcattct ggtcgaaaat atcttcattt ttgtcacttt caaactccac tg #cagacaca   3840 tttcatcttc gaaacggtga tgtatccgta gaaatctttg ctgaaccttt tc #aattgaaa   3900 gtttactggc aaaatgcgct gaaacttatt gtaaacgagc aaaatttcct ga #acattgaa   3960 catcatagaa ctaagcagga aaacttcgca cacgtgctgc cagaagaaac aa #ctttcaac   4020 atgtttaagg acaatttctt gtattcaaag catgactcta tgcctttggg gc #ctgaatcg   4080 gttgcgctag atttctcttt catgggttct actaatgtct acggtatacc gg #aacatgcg   4140 acgtcgctaa ggctgatgga cacttcaggt ggaaaggaac cctacaggct tt #tcaacgtt   4200 gatgtctttg agtacaacat cggtaccagc caaccaatgt acggttcgat cc #cattcatg   4260 ttttcatctt cgtccacatc tatcttttgg gtcaatgcag ctgacacttg gg #tagacata   4320 aagtatgaca ccagtaaaaa taaaacgatg actcattgga tctccgaaaa tg #gtgtcata   4380 gatgtagtca tgtccctggg gccagatatt ccaactatca ttgacaaatt ta #ccgatttg   4440 actggtagac cctttttacc gcccatttcc tctatagggt accatcaatg ta #gatggaat   4500 tataatgatg agatggacgt tctcacagtg gactctcaga tggatgctca ta #tgattcct   4560 tacgatttta tttggttgga cttggagtat acgaacgaca aaaaatattt ta #cttggaag   4620 cagcactcct ttcccaatcc aaaaaggctg ttatccaaat taaaaaagtt gg #gtagaaat   4680 cttgtcgtac taatcgatcc tcatttaaag aaagattatg aaatcagtga ca #gggtaatt   4740 aatgaaaatg tagcagtcaa ggatcacaat ggaaatgact atgtaggtca tt #gctggcca   4800 ggtaattcta tatggattga taccataagc aaatatggcc aaaagatttg ga #agtccttt   4860 ttcgaacggt ttatggatct gccggctgat ttaactaatt tattcatttg ga #atgatatg   4920 aacgagcctt cgattttcga tggcccagag accacagctc caaaagattt ga #ttcacgac   4980 aattacattg aggaaagatc cgtccataac atatatggtc tatcagtgca tg #aagctact   5040 tacgacgcaa taaaatcgat ttattcacca tccgataagc gtcctttcct tc #taacaagg   5100 gctttttttg ccggctctca acgtactgct gccacatgga ctggtgacaa tg #tggccaat   5160 tgggattact taaagatttc cattcctatg gttctgtcaa acaacattgc tg #gtatgcca   5220 tttataggag ccgacatagc tggctttgct gaggatccta cacctgaatt ga #ttgcacgt   5280 tggtaccaag cgggcttatg gtacccattt tttagagcac acgcccatat ag #acaccaag   5340 agaagagaac catacttatt caatgaacct ttgaagtcga tagtacgtga ta #ttatccaa   5400 ttgagatatt tcctgctacc taccttatac accatgtttc ataaatcaag tg #tcactgga   5460 tttccgataa tgaatccaat gtttattgaa caccctgaat ttgctgaatt gt #atcatatc   5520 gataaccaat tttactggag taattcaggt ctattagtca aacctgtcac gg #agcctggt   5580 caatcagaaa cggaaatggt tttcccaccc ggtatattct atgaattcgc at #ctttacac   5640 tcttttataa acaatggtac tgatttgata gaaaagaata tttctgcacc at #tggataaa   5700 attccattat ttattgaagg cggtcacatt atcactatga aagataagta ta #gaagatct   5760 tcaatgttaa tgaaaaacga tccatatgta atagttatag cccctgatac cg #agggacga   5820 gccgttggag atctttatgt tgatgatgga gaaacttttg gctaccaaag ag #gtgagtac   5880 gtagaaactc agttcatttt cgaaaacaat accttaaaaa atgttcgaag tc #atattccc   5940 gagaatttga caggcattca ccacaatact ttgaggaata ccaatattga aa #aaatcatt   6000 atcgcaaaga ataatttaca acacaacata acgttgaaag acagtattaa ag #tcaaaaaa   6060 aatggcgaag aaagttcatt gccgactaga tcgtcatatg agaatgataa ta #agatcacc   6120 attcttaacc tatcgcttga cataactgaa gattgggaag ttatttttgg gc #c          6173 <210> SEQ ID NO 21 <211> LENGTH: 7639 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial  #Sequence:Sequence of       plasmid pPICADE1glsII. <400> SEQUENCE: 21 aaattcctcg tttcgaataa ttagttgttt tttgatcttc tcaagttgtc gt #taaaagtc     60 gttaaaatca aaagcttgtc aattggaacc agtcgcaatt atgaaagtaa gc #taataatg    120 atgataaaaa aaaaggttta agacagggca gcttccttct gtttatatat tg #ctgtcaag    180 taggggttag aacagttaaa ttttgatcat gaacgttagg ctatcagcag ta #ttcccacc    240 agaatcttgg aagcatacaa tgtggagaca atgcataatc atccaaaaag cg #ggtgtttc    300 cccatttgcg tttcggcaca ggtgcaccgg ggttcagaag cgatagagag ac #tgcgctaa    360 gcattaatga gattattttt gagcattcgt caatcaatac caaacaagac aa #acggtatg    420 ccgacttttg gaagtttctt tttgaccaac tggccgttag catttcaacg aa #ccaaactt    480 agttcatctt ggatgagatc acgcttttgt catattaggt tccaagacag cg #tttaaact    540 gtcagttttg ggccatttgg ggaacatgaa actatttgac cccacactca ga #aagccctc    600 atctggagtg atgttcgggt gtaatgcgga gcttgttgca ttcggaaata aa #caaacatg    660 aacctcgcca ggggggccag gatagacagg ctaataaagt catggtgtta gt #agcctaat    720 agaaggaatt ggaatgagcg agctccaatc aagcccaata actgggctgg tt #tttcgatg    780 gcaaaagtgg gtgttgagga gaagaggagt ggaggtcctg cgtttgcaac gg #tctgctgc    840 tagtgtatcc cctcctgttg cgtttggcac ttatgtgtga gaatggacct gt #ggatgtcg    900 gatggcaaaa aggtttcatt caacctttcg tctttggatg ttgtcgaccg gc #tgcattaa    960 tgaatcggcc aacgcgcggg gagaggcggt ttgcgtattg ggcgctcttc cg #cttcctcg   1020 ctcactgact cgctgcgctc ggtcgttcgg ctgcggcgag cggtatcagc tc #actcaaag   1080 gcggtaatac ggttatccac agaatcaggg gataacgcag gaaagaacat gt #gagcaaaa   1140 ggccagcaaa aggccaggaa ccgtaaaaag gccgcgttgc tggcgttttt cc #ataggctc   1200 cgcccccctg acgagcatca caaaaatcga cgctcaagtc agaggtggcg aa #acccgaca   1260 ggactataaa gataccaggc gtttccccct ggaagctccc tcgtgcgctc tc #ctgttccg   1320 accctgccgc ttaccggata cctgtccgcc tttctccctt cgggaagcgt gg #cgctttct   1380 catagctcac gctgtaggta tctcagttcg gtgtaggtcg ttcgctccaa gc #tgggctgt   1440 gtgcacgaac cccccgttca gcccgaccgc tgcgccttat ccggtaacta tc #gtcttgag   1500 tccaacccgg taagacacga cttatcgcca ctggcagcag ccactggtaa ca #ggattagc   1560 agagcgaggt atgtaggcgg tgctacagag ttcttgaagt ggtggcctaa ct #acggctac   1620 actagaagga cagtatttgg tatctgcgct ctgctgaagc cagttacctt cg #gaaaaaga   1680 gttggtagct cttgatccgg caaacaaacc accgctggta gcggtggttt tt #ttgtttgc   1740 aagcagcaga ttacgcgcag aaaaaaagga tctcaagaag atcctttgat ct #tttctacg   1800 gggtctgacg ctcagtggaa cgaaaactca cgttaaggga ttttggtcat ga #gattatca   1860 aaaaggatct tcacctagat ccttttaaat taaaaatgaa gttttaaatc aa #tctaaagt   1920 atatatgagt aaacttggtc tgacagttac caatgcttaa tcagtgaggc ac #ctatctca   1980 gcgatctgtc tatttcgttc atccatagtt gcctgactcc ccgtcgtgta ga #taactacg   2040 atacgggagg gcttaccatc tggccccagt gctgcaatga taccgcgaga cc #cacgctca   2100 ccggctccag atttatcagc aataaaccag ccagccggaa gggccgagcg ca #gaagtggt   2160 cctgcaactt tatccgcctc catccagtct attaattgtt gccgggaagc ta #gagtaagt   2220 agttcgccag ttaatagttt gcgcaacgtt gttgccattg ctacaggcat cg #tggtgtca   2280 cgctcgtcgt ttggtatggc ttcattcagc tccggttccc aacgatcaag gc #gagttaca   2340 tgatccccca tgttgtgcaa aaaagcggtt agctccttcg gtcctccgat cg #ttgtcaga   2400 agtaagttgg ccgcagtgtt atcactcatg gttatggcag cactgcataa tt #ctcttact   2460 gtcatgccat ccgtaagatg cttttctgtg actggtgagt actcaaccaa gt #cattctga   2520 gaatagtgta tgcggcgacc gagttgctct tgcccggcgt caatacggga ta #ataccgcg   2580 ccacatagca gaactttaaa agtgctcatc attggaaaac gttcttcggg gc #gaaaactc   2640 tcaaggatct taccgctgtt gagatccagt tcgatgtaac ccactcgtgc ac #ccaactga   2700 tcttcagcat cttttacttt caccagcgtt tctgggtgag caaaaacagg aa #ggcaaaat   2760 gccgcaaaaa agggaataag ggcgacacgg aaatgttgaa tactcatact ct #tccttttt   2820 caatagctcc aaggcaacaa attgactact cagaccgaca ttcattcgtt at #tgatttta   2880 aatcaacgat aaacggaatg gttacttgaa tgatttcact ttatgatcat tg #tttactaa   2940 ttacctaaat aggattttat atggaattgg aagaataagg gaaatttcag at #gtctgaaa   3000 aaggcgagga gggtactaat cattcaagcc catttcttgc cagtaattgc tt #cataagct   3060 tcaatatact tttctttact cttgatagca atttctgcat ccatggctac gc #cctctttg   3120 ccattcaatc cgttggccgt caaccaatct ctgagaaact gcttatcgta ac #tctcttgc   3180 gatttaccca cttggtaagt cttttgattc caaaatctag aagaatctgg ag #ttaaaact   3240 tcatctacta gtaccaattc attgttttcg tccagtccaa attcgaattt cg #tatcagca   3300 ataatgatcc ccttcaaaag ggcgaagttt tttgcagcag aatacaactc ga #ccgccttg   3360 acagcgacct tctcacaaat gtctttacct acaatctcag cagcttgttc aa #tagagatg   3420 ttttcatcgt gttcaccctg ttcagctttc gttgaaggtg tgaaaatcgg ag #ttggaaag   3480 gcgtcgctct cttgaaggtt ctcgttttca accttgactc catggacagt tt #ttgagttc   3540 ttgtactctt tccatgcact tccagtgatg taacctctga caatggcttc ca #aaggtatc   3600 agtctgtgct tttttactat caaggatcgt ccctctaatt gagatttgta tt #tttcttca   3660 gacagttttg atggtagtaa agcaaagact tccttgtcat tagaagcaac ca #aatgattc   3720 tttatgtagg gtgccaaaaa atcaaaccag aaaactgaga gctgagtcaa aa #tctttccc   3780 ttatcaggaa taccgtttgt cataatcaca tcgtaagcgg agatacggtc ag #ttgcgacg   3840 aacagcaagt tgttctcatc gactgcataa atgtctctaa cctttccttt gg #cgattaaa   3900 ggtaggattc cgtccagatc agtgttcaca atggacatac ttggaaggat ac #agcaaagt   3960 gtgttggaag cgatgacaca tggaaaggaa tttttcgagt ttcctagagt ag #tatattgg   4020 ggcggtgaaa gttcagatgt ttaatgctta atactcttat actcttcaaa gc #gcccaagt   4080 gtttctgcca acctgacttt tttctgaata atgaatcgtt caagtggagt at #ttaaacca   4140 tgattaagtt acgtgatttg gcactggata aggtcgaaaa atatccgtat tc #ataaacga   4200 ttattggtaa aagttacaaa ataccactaa ttacggagaa gcttagtaac ag #ttatcatc   4260 tcttggtcga ttaacgctta caatttccat tcgccattca ggctgcgcaa ct #gttgggaa   4320 gggcgatcgg tgcgggcctc ttcgctatta cgccagggcc tcgaggcaca aa #cgaacgtc   4380 tcacttaatc ttctgtactc tgaagaggag tgggaaatac caagaaaaac at #caaactcg   4440 aatgattttc ccaaacccct accacaagat attcatcagc tgcgagatag gc #tgatcagg   4500 agcaagctcg tacgagaaga aacaaaatga caaaaaaaat cctatactat at #aggttaca   4560 aataaaaaag tatcaaaaat gaagcctgca tctctcaggc aaatggcatt ct #gacatcct   4620 cttgattaga atctagcaag accggtcttc tcgtaagtgc ccaacttgaa ct #gaggaaca   4680 gtcatgtcta aggctacaaa ctcaatgatg atgatgatga tggtcgacgg cg #ctattcag   4740 atcctcttct gagatgagtt tttgttcggg cccaaaaata acttcccaat ct #tcagttat   4800 gtcaagcgat aggttaagaa tggtgatctt attatcattc tcatatgacg at #ctagtcgg   4860 caatgaactt tcttcgccat tttttttgac tttaatactg tctttcaacg tt #atgttgtg   4920 ttgtaaatta ttctttgcga taatgatttt ttcaatattg gtattcctca aa #gtattgtg   4980 gtgaatgcct gtcaaattct cgggaatatg acttcgaaca ttttttaagg ta #ttgttttc   5040 gaaaatgaac tgagtttcta cgtactcacc tctttggtag ccaaaagttt ct #ccatcatc   5100 aacataaaga tctccaacgg ctcgtccctc ggtatcaggg gctataacta tt #acatatgg   5160 atcgtttttc attaacattg aagatcttct atacttatct ttcatagtga ta #atgtgacc   5220 gccttcaata aataatggaa ttttatccaa tggtgcagaa atattctttt ct #atcaaatc   5280 agtaccattg tttataaaag agtgtaaaga tgcgaattca tagaatatac cg #ggtgggaa   5340 aaccatttcc gtttctgatt gaccaggctc cgtgacaggt ttgactaata ga #cctgaatt   5400 actccagtaa aattggttat cgatatgata caattcagca aattcagggt gt #tcaataaa   5460 cattggattc attatcggaa atccagtgac acttgattta tgaaacatgg tg #tataaggt   5520 aggtagcagg aaatatctca attggataat atcacgtact atcgacttca aa #ggttcatt   5580 gaataagtat ggttctcttc tcttggtgtc tatatgggcg tgtgctctaa aa #aatgggta   5640 ccataagccc gcttggtacc aacgtgcaat caattcaggt gtaggatcct ca #gcaaagcc   5700 agctatgtcg gctcctataa atggcatacc agcaatgttg tttgacagaa cc #ataggaat   5760 ggaaatcttt aagtaatccc aattggccac attgtcacca gtccatgtgg ca #gcagtacg   5820 ttgagagccg gcaaaaaaag cccttgttag aaggaaagga cgcttatcgg at #ggtgaata   5880 aatcgatttt attgcgtcgt aagtagcttc atgcactgat agaccatata tg #ttatggac   5940 ggatctttcc tcaatgtaat tgtcgtgaat caaatctttt ggagctgtgg tc #tctgggcc   6000 atcgaaaatc gaaggctcgt tcatatcatt ccaaatgaat aaattagtta aa #tcagccgg   6060 cagatccata aaccgttcga aaaaggactt ccaaatcttt tggccatatt tg #cttatggt   6120 atcaatccat atagaattac ctggccagca atgacctaca tagtcatttc ca #ttgtgatc   6180 cttgactgct acattttcat taattaccct gtcactgatt tcataatctt tc #tttaaatg   6240 aggatcgatt agtacgacaa gatttctacc caactttttt aatttggata ac #agcctttt   6300 tggattggga aaggagtgct gcttccaagt aaaatatttt ttgtcgttcg ta #tactccaa   6360 gtccaaccaa ataaaatcgt aaggaatcat atgagcatcc atctgagagt cc #actgtgag   6420 aacgtccatc tcatcattat aattccatct acattgatgg taccctatag ag #gaaatggg   6480 cggtaaaaag ggtctaccag tcaaatcggt aaatttgtca atgatagttg ga #atatctgg   6540 ccccagggac atgactacat ctatgacacc attttcggag atccaatgag tc #atcgtttt   6600 atttttactg gtgtcatact ttatgtctac ccaagtgtca gctgcattga cc #caaaagat   6660 agatgtggac gaagatgaaa acatgaatgg gatcgaaccg tacattggtt gg #ctggtacc   6720 gatgttgtac tcaaagacat caacgttgaa aagcctgtag ggttcctttc ca #cctgaagt   6780 gtccatcagc cttagcgacg tcgcatgttc cggtataccg tagacattag ta #gaacccat   6840 gaaagagaaa tctagcgcaa ccgattcagg ccccaaaggc atagagtcat gc #tttgaata   6900 caagaaattg tccttaaaca tgttgaaagt tgtttcttct ggcagcacgt gt #gcgaagtt   6960 ttcctgctta gttctatgat gttcaatgtt caggaaattt tgctcgttta ca #ataagttt   7020 cagcgcattt tgccagtaaa ctttcaattg aaaaggttca gcaaagattt ct #acggatac   7080 atcaccgttt cgaagatgaa atgtgtctgc agtggagttt gaaagtgaca aa #aatgaaga   7140 tattttcgac cagaatgagt tcacagtttg tttttgctta aggaagtgga at #tgtggaat   7200 actggtcctg ttcgcctcct cttgaaattt cttgtcgaat gcgtacttcc ag #gtctcatt   7260 gaaccgttgt gaagagatca acaaaccgct gctgttggtt ggcattctct ct #ttctcatt   7320 tatagtgaac cttactgagt gatcctgtaa aaaagagaga gagaatggga ac #tgaacggc   7380 tatatcatcg ccctccaatc ttggtatagt tttaattatg gtagcatgaa gc #acattctc   7440 taaaggatcg tgtgcaatag actcggcgtc cactttgtaa tagcagtgat ga #gatttggc   7500 aatattttct gcataaaccc tgtttctatg gcaaaaccca gattgcgcac ac #ttctttaa   7560 tagatagtcg gtaaacgcat gcgaaaaagc ggtaaagaag accaattggc at #acgagcca   7620 tttcaaaagg accatctcg              #                   #                 763 #9 <210> SEQ ID NO 22 <211> LENGTH: 5742 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial  #Sequence:Sequence of       plasmid pYPTIZAGLSII. <400> SEQUENCE: 22 cgaacaaaaa ctcatctcag aagaggatct gaatagcgcc gtcgaccatc at #catcatca     60 tcattgagtt tgtagcctta gacatgactg ttcctcagtt caagttgggc ac #ttacgaga    120 agaccggtct tgctagattc taatcaagag gatgtcagaa tgccatttgc ct #gagagatg    180 caggcttcat ttttgatact tttttatttg taacctatat agtataggat tt #tttttgtc    240 attttgtttc ttctcgtacg agcttgctcc tgatcagcct atctcgcagc tg #atgaatat    300 cttgtggtag gggtttggga aaatcattcg agtttgatgt ttttcttggt at #ttcccact    360 cctcttcaga gtacagaaga ttaagtgaga ccttcgtttg tgcggatccc cc #acacacca    420 tagcttcaaa atgtttctac tcctttttta ctcttccaga ttttctcgga ct #ccgcgcat    480 cgccgtacca cttcaaaaca cccaagcaca gcatactaaa ttttccctct tt #cttcctct    540 agggtgtcgt taattacccg tactaaaggt ttggaaaaga aaaaagagac cg #cctcgttt    600 ctttttcttc gtcgaaaaag gcaataaaaa tttttatcac gtttcttttt ct #tgaaattt    660 ttttttttag tttttttctc tttcagtgac ctccattgat atttaagtta at #aaacggtc    720 ttcaatttct caagtttcag tttcattttt cttgttctat tacaactttt tt #tacttctt    780 gttcattaga aagaaagcat agcaatctaa tctaaggggc ggtgttgaca at #taatcatc    840 ggcatagtat atcggcatag tataatacga caaggtgagg aactaaacca tg #gccaagtt    900 gaccagtgcc gttccggtgc tcaccgcgcg cgacgtcgcc ggagcggtcg ag #ttctggac    960 cgaccggctc gggttctccc gggacttcgt ggaggacgac ttcgccggtg tg #gtccggga   1020 cgacgtgacc ctgttcatca gcgcggtcca ggaccaggtg gtgccggaca ac #accctggc   1080 ctgggtgtgg gtgcgcggcc tggacgagct gtacgccgag tggtcggagg tc #gtgtccac   1140 gaacttccgg gacgcctccg ggccggccat gaccgagatc ggcgagcagc cg #tgggggcg   1200 ggagttcgcc ctgcgcgacc cggccggcaa ctgcgtgcac ttcgtggccg ag #gagcagga   1260 ctgacacgtc cgacggcggc ccacgggtcc caggcctcgg agatccgtcc cc #cttttcct   1320 ttgtcgatat catgtaatta gttatgtcac gcttacattc acgccctccc cc #cacatccg   1380 ctctaaccga aaaggaagga gttagacaac ctgaagtcta ggtccctatt ta #ttttttta   1440 tagttatgtt agtattaaga acgttattta tatttcaaat ttttcttttt tt #tctgtaca   1500 gacgcgtgta cgcatgtaac attatactga aaaccttgct tgagaaggtt tt #gggacgct   1560 cgaaggcttt aatttgcaag ctggagacca acatgtgagc aaaaggccag ca #aaaggcca   1620 ggaaccgtaa aaaggccgcg ttgctggcgt ttttccatag gctccgcccc cc #tgacgagc   1680 atcacaaaaa tcgacgctca agtcagaggt ggcgaaaccc gacaggacta ta #aagatacc   1740 aggcgtttcc ccctggaagc tccctcgtgc gctctcctgt tccgaccctg cc #gcttaccg   1800 gatacctgtc cgcctttctc ccttcgggaa gcgtggcgct ttctcaatgc tc #acgctgta   1860 ggtatctcag ttcggtgtag gtcgttcgct ccaagctggg ctgtgtgcac ga #accccccg   1920 ttcagcccga ccgctgcgcc ttatccggta actatcgtct tgagtccaac cc #ggtaagac   1980 acgacttatc gccactggca gcagccactg gtaacaggat tagcagagcg ag #gtatgtag   2040 gcggtgctac agagttcttg aagtggtggc ctaactacgg ctacactaga ag #gacagtat   2100 ttggtatctg cgctctgctg aagccagtta ccttcggaaa aagagttggt ag #ctcttgat   2160 ccggcaaaca aaccaccgct ggtagcggtg gtttttttgt ttgcaagcag ca #gattacgc   2220 gcagaaaaaa aggatctcaa gaagatcctt tgatcttttc tacggggtct ga #cgctcagt   2280 ggaacgaaaa ctcacgttaa gggattttgg tcatgagatc agatctatga tg #agtcacaa   2340 tctgcttcca cagacgagta caaggacagg caaaaggaat tggaagaagt tg #ctaaccca   2400 ataatgagca agttctatgg agctgctggt ggagctcctg gtggagctcc tg #gtggcttc   2460 cctggaggtt tccctggcgg agctggcgca gctggcggtg ccccaggtgg tg #ctgcccca   2520 ggcggagaca gcggaccaac cgtggaagaa gtcgattaag caattcaacg ga #taaattct   2580 ggttaatata tataacgtga ataggaaatt aaggaaattt tggatctaat aa #tgtgctgt   2640 atgccgacat cgggcatcgt agattgtata gtatcgctga cactataata ag #ccagccaa   2700 aacccctaaa ccagttgccc tccactaatt agtgtactac ccaatcttgc ct #cttcgggt   2760 gtcttttata aggacagatt cacaagctct tgttgcccaa tacacacata ca #cacagaga   2820 taatagcagt cgaattcacg tggcccagcc ggccgtctcg gatcggtacc tc #gagatggt   2880 ccttttgaaa tggctcgtat gccaattggt cttctttacc gctttttcgc at #gcgtttac   2940 cgactatcta ttaaagaagt gtgcgcaatc tgggttttgc catagaaaca gg #gtttatgc   3000 agaaaatatt gccaaatctc atcactgcta ttacaaagtg gacgccgagt ct #attgcaca   3060 cgatccttta gagaatgtgc ttcatgctac cataattaaa actataccaa ga #ttggaggg   3120 cgatgatata gccgttcagt tcccattctc tctctctttt ttacaggatc ac #tcagtaag   3180 gttcactata aatgagaaag agagaatgcc aaccaacagc agcggtttgt tg #atctcttc   3240 acaacggttc aatgagacct ggaagtacgc attcgacaag aaatttcaag ag #gaggcgaa   3300 caggaccagt attccacaat tccacttcct taagcaaaaa caaactgtga ac #tcattctg   3360 gtcgaaaata tcttcatttt tgtcactttc aaactccact gcagacacat tt #catcttcg   3420 aaacggtgat gtatccgtag aaatctttgc tgaacctttt caattgaaag tt #tactggca   3480 aaatgcgctg aaacttattg taaacgagca aaatttcctg aacattgaac at #catagaac   3540 taagcaggaa aacttcgcac acgtgctgcc agaagaaaca actttcaaca tg #tttaagga   3600 caatttcttg tattcaaagc atgactctat gcctttgggg cctgaatcgg tt #gcgctaga   3660 tttctctttc atgggttcta ctaatgtcta cggtataccg gaacatgcga cg #tcgctaag   3720 gctgatggac acttcaggtg gaaaggaacc ctacaggctt ttcaacgttg at #gtctttga   3780 gtacaacatc ggtaccagcc aaccaatgta cggttcgatc ccattcatgt tt #tcatcttc   3840 gtccacatct atcttttggg tcaatgcagc tgacacttgg gtagacataa ag #tatgacac   3900 cagtaaaaat aaaacgatga ctcattggat ctccgaaaat ggtgtcatag at #gtagtcat   3960 gtccctgggg ccagatattc caactatcat tgacaaattt accgatttga ct #ggtagacc   4020 ctttttaccg cccatttcct ctatagggta ccatcaatgt agatggaatt at #aatgatga   4080 gatggacgtt ctcacagtgg actctcagat ggatgctcat atgattcctt ac #gattttat   4140 ttggttggac ttggagtata cgaacgacaa aaaatatttt acttggaagc ag #cactcctt   4200 tcccaatcca aaaaggctgt tatccaaatt aaaaaagttg ggtagaaatc tt #gtcgtact   4260 aatcgatcct catttaaaga aagattatga aatcagtgac agggtaatta at #gaaaatgt   4320 agcagtcaag gatcacaatg gaaatgacta tgtaggtcat tgctggccag gt #aattctat   4380 atggattgat accataagca aatatggcca aaagatttgg aagtcctttt tc #gaacggtt   4440 tatggatctg ccggctgatt taactaattt attcatttgg aatgatatga ac #gagccttc   4500 gattttcgat ggcccagaga ccacagctcc aaaagatttg attcacgaca at #tacattga   4560 ggaaagatcc gtccataaca tatatggtct atcagtgcat gaagctactt ac #gacgcaat   4620 aaaatcgatt tattcaccat ccgataagcg tcctttcctt ctaacaaggg ct #ttttttgc   4680 cggctctcaa cgtactgctg ccacatggac tggtgacaat gtggccaatt gg #gattactt   4740 aaagatttcc attcctatgg ttctgtcaaa caacattgct ggtatgccat tt #ataggagc   4800 cgacatagct ggctttgctg aggatcctac acctgaattg attgcacgtt gg #taccaagc   4860 gggcttatgg tacccatttt ttagagcaca cgcccatata gacaccaaga ga #agagaacc   4920 atacttattc aatgaacctt tgaagtcgat agtacgtgat attatccaat tg #agatattt   4980 cctgctacct accttataca ccatgtttca taaatcaagt gtcactggat tt #ccgataat   5040 gaatccaatg tttattgaac accctgaatt tgctgaattg tatcatatcg at #aaccaatt   5100 ttactggagt aattcaggtc tattagtcaa acctgtcacg gagcctggtc aa #tcagaaac   5160 ggaaatggtt ttcccacccg gtatattcta tgaattcgca tctttacact ct #tttataaa   5220 caatggtact gatttgatag aaaagaatat ttctgcacca ttggataaaa tt #ccattatt   5280 tattgaaggc ggtcacatta tcactatgaa agataagtat agaagatctt ca #atgttaat   5340 gaaaaacgat ccatatgtaa tagttatagc ccctgatacc gagggacgag cc #gttggaga   5400 tctttatgtt gatgatggag aaacttttgg ctaccaaaga ggtgagtacg ta #gaaactca   5460 gttcattttc gaaaacaata ccttaaaaaa tgttcgaagt catattcccg ag #aatttgac   5520 aggcattcac cacaatactt tgaggaatac caatattgaa aaaatcatta tc #gcaaagaa   5580 taatttacaa cacaacataa cgttgaaaga cagtattaaa gtcaaaaaaa at #ggcgaaga   5640 aagttcattg ccgactagat cgtcatatga gaatgataat aagatcacca tt #cttaacct   5700 atcgcttgac ataactgaag attgggaagt tatttttggg cc     #                   #5742 <210> SEQ ID NO 23 <211> LENGTH: 7256 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial  #Sequence:Sequence of       plasmid pYPT1ADE1glsII. <400> SEQUENCE: 23 gtcgaccggc tgcattaatg aatcggccaa cgcgcgggga gaggcggttt gc #gtattggg     60 cgctcttccg cttcctcgct cactgactcg ctgcgctcgg tcgttcggct gc #ggcgagcg    120 gtatcagctc actcaaaggc ggtaatacgg ttatccacag aatcagggga ta #acgcagga    180 aagaacatgt gagcaaaagg ccagcaaaag gccaggaacc gtaaaaaggc cg #cgttgctg    240 gcgtttttcc ataggctccg cccccctgac gagcatcaca aaaatcgacg ct #caagtcag    300 aggtggcgaa acccgacagg actataaaga taccaggcgt ttccccctgg aa #gctccctc    360 gtgcgctctc ctgttccgac cctgccgctt accggatacc tgtccgcctt tc #tcccttcg    420 ggaagcgtgg cgctttctca tagctcacgc tgtaggtatc tcagttcggt gt #aggtcgtt    480 cgctccaagc tgggctgtgt gcacgaaccc cccgttcagc ccgaccgctg cg #ccttatcc    540 ggtaactatc gtcttgagtc caacccggta agacacgact tatcgccact gg #cagcagcc    600 actggtaaca ggattagcag agcgaggtat gtaggcggtg ctacagagtt ct #tgaagtgg    660 tggcctaact acggctacac tagaaggaca gtatttggta tctgcgctct gc #tgaagcca    720 gttaccttcg gaaaaagagt tggtagctct tgatccggca aacaaaccac cg #ctggtagc    780 ggtggttttt ttgtttgcaa gcagcagatt acgcgcagaa aaaaaggatc tc #aagaagat    840 cctttgatct tttctacggg gtctgacgct cagtggaacg aaaactcacg tt #aagggatt    900 ttggtcatga gattatcaaa aaggatcttc acctagatcc ttttaaatta aa #aatgaagt    960 tttaaatcaa tctaaagtat atatgagtaa acttggtctg acagttacca at #gcttaatc   1020 agtgaggcac ctatctcagc gatctgtcta tttcgttcat ccatagttgc ct #gactcccc   1080 gtcgtgtaga taactacgat acgggagggc ttaccatctg gccccagtgc tg #caatgata   1140 ccgcgagacc cacgctcacc ggctccagat ttatcagcaa taaaccagcc ag #ccggaagg   1200 gccgagcgca gaagtggtcc tgcaacttta tccgcctcca tccagtctat ta #attgttgc   1260 cgggaagcta gagtaagtag ttcgccagtt aatagtttgc gcaacgttgt tg #ccattgct   1320 acaggcatcg tggtgtcacg ctcgtcgttt ggtatggctt cattcagctc cg #gttcccaa   1380 cgatcaaggc gagttacatg atcccccatg ttgtgcaaaa aagcggttag ct #ccttcggt   1440 cctccgatcg ttgtcagaag taagttggcc gcagtgttat cactcatggt ta #tggcagca   1500 ctgcataatt ctcttactgt catgccatcc gtaagatgct tttctgtgac tg #gtgagtac   1560 tcaaccaagt cattctgaga atagtgtatg cggcgaccga gttgctcttg cc #cggcgtca   1620 atacgggata ataccgcgcc acatagcaga actttaaaag tgctcatcat tg #gaaaacgt   1680 tcttcggggc gaaaactctc aaggatctta ccgctgttga gatccagttc ga #tgtaaccc   1740 actcgtgcac ccaactgatc ttcagcatct tttactttca ccagcgtttc tg #ggtgagca   1800 aaaacaggaa ggcaaaatgc cgcaaaaaag ggaataaggg cgacacggaa at #gttgaata   1860 ctcatactct tcctttttca atagctccaa ggcaacaaat tgactactca ga #ccgacatt   1920 cattcgttat tgattttaaa tcaacgataa acggaatggt tacttgaatg at #ttcacttt   1980 atgatcattg tttactaatt acctaaatag gattttatat ggaattggaa ga #ataaggga   2040 aatttcagat gtctgaaaaa ggcgaggagg gtactaatca ttcaagccca tt #tcttgcca   2100 gtaattgctt cataagcttc aatatacttt tctttactct tgatagcaat tt #ctgcatcc   2160 atggctacgc cctctttgcc attcaatccg ttggccgtca accaatctct ga #gaaactgc   2220 ttatcgtaac tctcttgcga tttacccact tggtaagtct tttgattcca aa #atctagaa   2280 gaatctggag ttaaaacttc atctactagt accaattcat tgttttcgtc ca #gtccaaat   2340 tcgaatttcg tatcagcaat aatgatcccc ttcaaaaggg cgaagttttt tg #cagcagaa   2400 tacaactcga ccgccttgac agcgaccttc tcacaaatgt ctttacctac aa #tctcagca   2460 gcttgttcaa tagagatgtt ttcatcgtgt tcaccctgtt cagctttcgt tg #aaggtgtg   2520 aaaatcggag ttggaaaggc gtcgctctct tgaaggttct cgttttcaac ct #tgactcca   2580 tggacagttt ttgagttctt gtactctttc catgcacttc cagtgatgta ac #ctctgaca   2640 atggcttcca aaggtatcag tctgtgcttt tttactatca aggatcgtcc ct #ctaattga   2700 gatttgtatt tttcttcaga cagttttgat ggtagtaaag caaagacttc ct #tgtcatta   2760 gaagcaacca aatgattctt tatgtagggt gccaaaaaat caaaccagaa aa #ctgagagc   2820 tgagtcaaaa tctttccctt atcaggaata ccgtttgtca taatcacatc gt #aagcggag   2880 atacggtcag ttgcgacgaa cagcaagttg ttctcatcga ctgcataaat gt #ctctaacc   2940 tttcctttgg cgattaaagg taggattccg tccagatcag tgttcacaat gg #acatactt   3000 ggaaggatac agcaaagtgt gttggaagcg atgacacatg gaaaggaatt tt #tcgagttt   3060 cctagagtag tatattgggg cggtgaaagt tcagatgttt aatgcttaat ac #tcttatac   3120 tcttcaaagc gcccaagtgt ttctgccaac ctgacttttt tctgaataat ga #atcgttca   3180 agtggagtat ttaaaccatg attaagttac gtgatttggc actggataag gt #cgaaaaat   3240 atccgtattc ataaacgatt attggtaaaa gttacaaaat accactaatt ac #ggagaagc   3300 ttagtaacag ttatcatctc ttggtcgatt aacgcttaca atttccattc gc #cattcagg   3360 ctgcgcaact gttgggaagg gcgatcggtg cgggcctctt cgctattacg cc #agggcctc   3420 gaggcacaaa cgaacgtctc acttaatctt ctgtactctg aagaggagtg gg #aaatacca   3480 agaaaaacat caaactcgaa tgattttccc aaacccctac cacaagatat tc #atcagctg   3540 cgagataggc tgatcaggag caagctcgta cgagaagaaa caaaatgaca aa #aaaaatcc   3600 tatactatat aggttacaaa taaaaaagta tcaaaaatga agcctgcatc tc #tcaggcaa   3660 atggcattct gacatcctct tgattagaat ctagcaagac cggtcttctc gt #aagtgccc   3720 aacttgaact gaggaacagt catgtctaag gctacaaact caatgatgat ga #tgatgatg   3780 gtcgacggcg ctattcagat cctcttctga gatgagtttt tgttcgggcc ca #aaaataac   3840 ttcccaatct tcagttatgt caagcgatag gttaagaatg gtgatcttat ta #tcattctc   3900 atatgacgat ctagtcggca atgaactttc ttcgccattt tttttgactt ta #atactgtc   3960 tttcaacgtt atgttgtgtt gtaaattatt ctttgcgata atgatttttt ca #atattggt   4020 attcctcaaa gtattgtggt gaatgcctgt caaattctcg ggaatatgac tt #cgaacatt   4080 ttttaaggta ttgttttcga aaatgaactg agtttctacg tactcacctc tt #tggtagcc   4140 aaaagtttct ccatcatcaa cataaagatc tccaacggct cgtccctcgg ta #tcaggggc   4200 tataactatt acatatggat cgtttttcat taacattgaa gatcttctat ac #ttatcttt   4260 catagtgata atgtgaccgc cttcaataaa taatggaatt ttatccaatg gt #gcagaaat   4320 attcttttct atcaaatcag taccattgtt tataaaagag tgtaaagatg cg #aattcata   4380 gaatataccg ggtgggaaaa ccatttccgt ttctgattga ccaggctccg tg #acaggttt   4440 gactaataga cctgaattac tccagtaaaa ttggttatcg atatgataca at #tcagcaaa   4500 ttcagggtgt tcaataaaca ttggattcat tatcggaaat ccagtgacac tt #gatttatg   4560 aaacatggtg tataaggtag gtagcaggaa atatctcaat tggataatat ca #cgtactat   4620 cgacttcaaa ggttcattga ataagtatgg ttctcttctc ttggtgtcta ta #tgggcgtg   4680 tgctctaaaa aatgggtacc ataagcccgc ttggtaccaa cgtgcaatca at #tcaggtgt   4740 aggatcctca gcaaagccag ctatgtcggc tcctataaat ggcataccag ca #atgttgtt   4800 tgacagaacc ataggaatgg aaatctttaa gtaatcccaa ttggccacat tg #tcaccagt   4860 ccatgtggca gcagtacgtt gagagccggc aaaaaaagcc cttgttagaa gg #aaaggacg   4920 cttatcggat ggtgaataaa tcgattttat tgcgtcgtaa gtagcttcat gc #actgatag   4980 accatatatg ttatggacgg atctttcctc aatgtaattg tcgtgaatca aa #tcttttgg   5040 agctgtggtc tctgggccat cgaaaatcga aggctcgttc atatcattcc aa #atgaataa   5100 attagttaaa tcagccggca gatccataaa ccgttcgaaa aaggacttcc aa #atcttttg   5160 gccatatttg cttatggtat caatccatat agaattacct ggccagcaat ga #cctacata   5220 gtcatttcca ttgtgatcct tgactgctac attttcatta attaccctgt ca #ctgatttc   5280 ataatctttc tttaaatgag gatcgattag tacgacaaga tttctaccca ac #ttttttaa   5340 tttggataac agcctttttg gattgggaaa ggagtgctgc ttccaagtaa aa #tatttttt   5400 gtcgttcgta tactccaagt ccaaccaaat aaaatcgtaa ggaatcatat ga #gcatccat   5460 ctgagagtcc actgtgagaa cgtccatctc atcattataa ttccatctac at #tgatggta   5520 ccctatagag gaaatgggcg gtaaaaaggg tctaccagtc aaatcggtaa at #ttgtcaat   5580 gatagttgga atatctggcc ccagggacat gactacatct atgacaccat tt #tcggagat   5640 ccaatgagtc atcgttttat ttttactggt gtcatacttt atgtctaccc aa #gtgtcagc   5700 tgcattgacc caaaagatag atgtggacga agatgaaaac atgaatggga tc #gaaccgta   5760 cattggttgg ctggtaccga tgttgtactc aaagacatca acgttgaaaa gc #ctgtaggg   5820 ttcctttcca cctgaagtgt ccatcagcct tagcgacgtc gcatgttccg gt #ataccgta   5880 gacattagta gaacccatga aagagaaatc tagcgcaacc gattcaggcc cc #aaaggcat   5940 agagtcatgc tttgaataca agaaattgtc cttaaacatg ttgaaagttg tt #tcttctgg   6000 cagcacgtgt gcgaagtttt cctgcttagt tctatgatgt tcaatgttca gg #aaattttg   6060 ctcgtttaca ataagtttca gcgcattttg ccagtaaact ttcaattgaa aa #ggttcagc   6120 aaagatttct acggatacat caccgtttcg aagatgaaat gtgtctgcag tg #gagtttga   6180 aagtgacaaa aatgaagata ttttcgacca gaatgagttc acagtttgtt tt #tgcttaag   6240 gaagtggaat tgtggaatac tggtcctgtt cgcctcctct tgaaatttct tg #tcgaatgc   6300 gtacttccag gtctcattga accgttgtga agagatcaac aaaccgctgc tg #ttggttgg   6360 cattctctct ttctcattta tagtgaacct tactgagtga tcctgtaaaa aa #gagagaga   6420 gaatgggaac tgaacggcta tatcatcgcc ctccaatctt ggtatagttt ta #attatggt   6480 agcatgaagc acattctcta aaggatcgtg tgcaatagac tcggcgtcca ct #ttgtaata   6540 gcagtgatga gatttggcaa tattttctgc ataaaccctg tttctatggc aa #aacccaga   6600 ttgcgcacac ttctttaata gatagtcggt aaacgcatgc gaaaaagcgg ta #aagaagac   6660 caattggcat acgagccatt tcaaaaggac catctcgagg taccgatccg ag #acggccgg   6720 ctgggccacg tgaattcgac tgctattatc tctgtgtgta tgtgtgtatt gg #gcaacaag   6780 agcttgtgaa tctgtcctta taaaagacac ccgaagaggc aagattgggt ag #tacactaa   6840 ttagtggagg gcaactggtt taggggtttt ggctggctta ttatagtgtc ag #cgatacta   6900 tacaatctac gatgcccgat gtcggcatac agcacattat tagatccaaa at #ttccttaa   6960 tttcctattc acgttatata tattaaccag aatttatccg ttgaattgct ta #atcgactt   7020 cttccacggt tggtccgctg tctccgcctg gggcagcacc acctggggca cc #gccagctg   7080 cgccagctcc gccagggaaa cctccaggga agccaccagg agctccacca gg #agctccac   7140 cagcagctcc atagaacttg ctcattattg ggttagcaac ttcttccaat tc #cttttgcc   7200 tgtccttgta ctcgtctgtg gaagcagatt gtgactcatc atagatctga tc #tcat       7256 <210> SEQ ID NO 24 <211> LENGTH: 5721 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial  #Sequence:Sequence of       plasmid pGAPZAglsIIHDEL. <400> SEQUENCE: 24 tcgagatggt ccttttgaaa tggctcgtat gccaattggt cttctttacc gc #tttttcgc     60 atgcgtttac cgactatcta ttaaagaagt gtgcgcaatc tgggttttgc ca #tagaaaca    120 gggtttatgc agaaaatatt gccaaatctc atcactgcta ttacaaagtg ga #cgccgagt    180 ctattgcaca cgatccttta gagaatgtgc ttcatgctac cataattaaa ac #tataccaa    240 gattggaggg cgatgatata gccgttcagt tcccattctc tctctctttt tt #acaggatc    300 actcagtaag gttcactata aatgagaaag agagaatgcc aaccaacagc ag #cggtttgt    360 tgatctcttc acaacggttc aatgagacct ggaagtacgc attcgacaag aa #atttcaag    420 aggaggcgaa caggaccagt attccacaat tccacttcct taagcaaaaa ca #aactgtga    480 actcattctg gtcgaaaata tcttcatttt tgtcactttc aaactccact gc #agacacat    540 ttcatcttcg aaacggtgat gtatccgtag aaatctttgc tgaacctttt ca #attgaaag    600 tttactggca aaatgcgctg aaacttattg taaacgagca aaatttcctg aa #cattgaac    660 atcatagaac taagcaggaa aacttcgcac acgtgctgcc agaagaaaca ac #tttcaaca    720 tgtttaagga caatttcttg tattcaaagc atgactctat gcctttgggg cc #tgaatcgg    780 ttgcgctaga tttctctttc atgggttcta ctaatgtcta cggtataccg ga #acatgcga    840 cgtcgctaag gctgatggac acttcaggtg gaaaggaacc ctacaggctt tt #caacgttg    900 atgtctttga gtacaacatc ggtaccagcc aaccaatgta cggttcgatc cc #attcatgt    960 tttcatcttc gtccacatct atcttttggg tcaatgcagc tgacacttgg gt #agacataa   1020 agtatgacac cagtaaaaat aaaacgatga ctcattggat ctccgaaaat gg #tgtcatag   1080 atgtagtcat gtccctgggg ccagatattc caactatcat tgacaaattt ac #cgatttga   1140 ctggtagacc ctttttaccg cccatttcct ctatagggta ccatcaatgt ag #atggaatt   1200 ataatgatga gatggacgtt ctcacagtgg actctcagat ggatgctcat at #gattcctt   1260 acgattttat ttggttggac ttggagtata cgaacgacaa aaaatatttt ac #ttggaagc   1320 agcactcctt tcccaatcca aaaaggctgt tatccaaatt aaaaaagttg gg #tagaaatc   1380 ttgtcgtact aatcgatcct catttaaaga aagattatga aatcagtgac ag #ggtaatta   1440 atgaaaatgt agcagtcaag gatcacaatg gaaatgacta tgtaggtcat tg #ctggccag   1500 gtaattctat atggattgat accataagca aatatggcca aaagatttgg aa #gtcctttt   1560 tcgaacggtt tatggatctg ccggctgatt taactaattt attcatttgg aa #tgatatga   1620 acgagccttc gattttcgat ggcccagaga ccacagctcc aaaagatttg at #tcacgaca   1680 attacattga ggaaagatcc gtccataaca tatatggtct atcagtgcat ga #agctactt   1740 acgacgcaat aaaatcgatt tattcaccat ccgataagcg tcctttcctt ct #aacaaggg   1800 ctttttttgc cggctctcaa cgtactgctg ccacatggac tggtgacaat gt #ggccaatt   1860 gggattactt aaagatttcc attcctatgg ttctgtcaaa caacattgct gg #tatgccat   1920 ttataggagc cgacatagct ggctttgctg aggatcctac acctgaattg at #tgcacgtt   1980 ggtaccaagc gggcttatgg tacccatttt ttagagcaca cgcccatata ga #caccaaga   2040 gaagagaacc atacttattc aatgaacctt tgaagtcgat agtacgtgat at #tatccaat   2100 tgagatattt cctgctacct accttataca ccatgtttca taaatcaagt gt #cactggat   2160 ttccgataat gaatccaatg tttattgaac accctgaatt tgctgaattg ta #tcatatcg   2220 ataaccaatt ttactggagt aattcaggtc tattagtcaa acctgtcacg ga #gcctggtc   2280 aatcagaaac ggaaatggtt ttcccacccg gtatattcta tgaattcgca tc #tttacact   2340 cttttataaa caatggtact gatttgatag aaaagaatat ttctgcacca tt #ggataaaa   2400 ttccattatt tattgaaggc ggtcacatta tcactatgaa agataagtat ag #aagatctt   2460 caatgttaat gaaaaacgat ccatatgtaa tagttatagc ccctgatacc ga #gggacgag   2520 ccgttggaga tctttatgtt gatgatggag aaacttttgg ctaccaaaga gg #tgagtacg   2580 tagaaactca gttcattttc gaaaacaata ccttaaaaaa tgttcgaagt ca #tattcccg   2640 agaatttgac aggcattcac cacaatactt tgaggaatac caatattgaa aa #aatcatta   2700 tcgcaaagaa taatttacaa cacaacataa cgttgaaaga cagtattaaa gt #caaaaaaa   2760 atggcgaaga aagttcattg ccgactagat cgtcatatga gaatgataat aa #gatcacca   2820 ttcttaacct atcgcttgac ataactgaag attgggaagt tatttttggg cc #cgaacaaa   2880 aactcatctc agaagaggat ctgaatagcg ccgtcgacca cgacgaactg tg #agttttag   2940 ccttagacat gactgttcct cagttcaagt tgggcactta cgagaagacc gg #tcttgcta   3000 gattctaatc aagaggatgt cagaatgcca tttgcctgag agatgcaggc tt #catttttg   3060 atactttttt atttgtaacc tatatagtat aggatttttt ttgtcatttt gt #ttcttctc   3120 gtacgagctt gctcctgatc agcctatctc gcagctgatg aatatcttgt gg #taggggtt   3180 tgggaaaatc attcgagttt gatgtttttc ttggtatttc ccactcctct tc #agagtaca   3240 gaagattaag tgagaccttc gtttgtgcgg atcccccaca caccatagct tc #aaaatgtt   3300 tctactcctt ttttactctt ccagattttc tcggactccg cgcatcgccg ta #ccacttca   3360 aaacacccaa gcacagcata ctaaattttc cctctttctt cctctagggt gt #cgttaatt   3420 acccgtacta aaggtttgga aaagaaaaaa gagaccgcct cgtttctttt tc #ttcgtcga   3480 aaaaggcaat aaaaattttt atcacgtttc tttttcttga aatttttttt tt #tagttttt   3540 ttctctttca gtgacctcca ttgatattta agttaataaa cggtcttcaa tt #tctcaagt   3600 ttcagtttca tttttcttgt tctattacaa ctttttttac ttcttgttca tt #agaaagaa   3660 agcatagcaa tctaatctaa gggcggtgtt gacaattaat catcggcata gt #atatcggc   3720 atagtataat acgacaaggt gaggaactaa accatggcca agttgaccag tg #ccgttccg   3780 gtgctcaccg cgcgcgacgt cgccggagcg gtcgagttct ggaccgaccg gc #tcgggttc   3840 tcccgggact tcgtggagga cgacttcgcc ggtgtggtcc gggacgacgt ga #ccctgttc   3900 atcagcgcgg tccaggacca ggtggtgccg gacaacaccc tggcctgggt gt #gggtgcgc   3960 ggcctggacg agctgtacgc cgagtggtcg gaggtcgtgt ccacgaactt cc #gggacgcc   4020 tccgggccgg ccatgaccga gatcggcgag cagccgtggg ggcgggagtt cg #ccctgcgc   4080 gacccggccg gcaactgcgt gcacttcgtg gccgaggagc aggactgaca cg #tccgacgg   4140 cggcccacgg gtcccaggcc tcggagatcc gtcccccttt tcctttgtcg at #atcatgta   4200 attagttatg tcacgcttac attcacgccc tccccccaca tccgctctaa cc #gaaaagga   4260 aggagttaga caacctgaag tctaggtccc tatttatttt tttatagtta tg #ttagtatt   4320 aagaacgtta tttatatttc aaatttttct tttttttctg tacagacgcg tg #tacgcatg   4380 taacattata ctgaaaacct tgcttgagaa ggttttggga cgctcgaagg ct #ttaatttg   4440 caagctggag accaacatgt gagcaaaagg ccagcaaaag gccaggaacc gt #aaaaaggc   4500 cgcgttgctg gcgtttttcc ataggctccg cccccctgac gagcatcaca aa #aatcgacg   4560 ctcaagtcag aggtggcgaa acccgacagg actataaaga taccaggcgt tt #ccccctgg   4620 aagctccctc gtgcgctctc ctgttccgac cctgccgctt accggatacc tg #tccgcctt   4680 tctcccttcg ggaagcgtgg cgctttctca atgctcacgc tgtaggtatc tc #agttcggt   4740 gtaggtcgtt cgctccaagc tgggctgtgt gcacgaaccc cccgttcagc cc #gaccgctg   4800 cgccttatcc ggtaactatc gtcttgagtc caacccggta agacacgact ta #tcgccact   4860 ggcagcagcc actggtaaca ggattagcag agcgaggtat gtaggcggtg ct #acagagtt   4920 cttgaagtgg tggcctaact acggctacac tagaaggaca gtatttggta tc #tgcgctct   4980 gctgaagcca gttaccttcg gaaaaagagt tggtagctct tgatccggca aa #caaaccac   5040 cgctggtagc ggtggttttt ttgtttgcaa gcagcagatt acgcgcagaa aa #aaaggatc   5100 tcaagaagat cctttgatct tttctacggg gtctgacgct cagtggaacg aa #aactcacg   5160 ttaagggatt ttggtcatgc atgagatcag atcttttttg tagaaatgtc tt #ggtgtcct   5220 cgtccaatca ggtagccatc tctgaaatat ctggctccgt tgcaactccg aa #cgacctgc   5280 tggcaacgta aaattctccg gggtaaaact taaatgtgga gtaatggaac ca #gaaacgtc   5340 tcttcccttc tctctccttc caccgcccgt taccgtccct aggaaatttt ac #tctgctgg   5400 agagcttctt ctacggcccc cttgcagcaa tgctcttccc agcattacgt tg #cgggtaaa   5460 acggaggtcg tgtacccgac ctagcagccc agggatggaa aagtcccggc cg #tcgctggc   5520 aataatagcg ggcggacgca tgtcatgaga ttattggaaa ccaccagaat cg #aatataaa   5580 aggcgaacac ctttcccaat tttggtttct cctgacccaa agactttaaa tt #taatttat   5640 ttgtccctat ttcaatcaat tgaacaacta tttcgaaacg aggaattcac gt #ggcccagc   5700 cggccgtctc ggatcggtac c            #                   #                5721 <210> SEQ ID NO 25 <211> LENGTH: 7230 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial  #Sequence:Sequence of       plasmid pGAPADE1glsIIHDEL. <400> SEQUENCE: 25 cgtactcacc tctttggtag ccaaaagttt ctccatcatc aacataaaga tc #tccaacgg     60 ctcgtccctc ggtatcaggg gctataacta ttacatatgg atcgtttttc at #taacattg    120 aagatcttct atacttatct ttcatagtga taatgtgacc gccttcaata aa #taatggaa    180 ttttatccaa tggtgcagaa atattctttt ctatcaaatc agtaccattg tt #tataaaag    240 agtgtaaaga tgcgaattca tagaatatac cgggtgggaa aaccatttcc gt #ttctgatt    300 gaccaggctc cgtgacaggt ttgactaata gacctgaatt actccagtaa aa #ttggttat    360 cgatatgata caattcagca aattcagggt gttcaataaa cattggattc at #tatcggaa    420 atccagtgac acttgattta tgaaacatgg tgtataaggt aggtagcagg aa #atatctca    480 attggataat atcacgtact atcgacttca aaggttcatt gaataagtat gg #ttctcttc    540 tcttggtgtc tatatgggcg tgtgctctaa aaaatgggta ccataagccc gc #ttggtacc    600 aacgtgcaat caattcaggt gtaggatcct cagcaaagcc agctatgtcg gc #tcctataa    660 atggcatacc agcaatgttg tttgacagaa ccataggaat ggaaatcttt aa #gtaatccc    720 aattggccac attgtcacca gtccatgtgg cagcagtacg ttgagagccg gc #aaaaaaag    780 cccttgttag aaggaaagga cgcttatcgg atggtgaata aatcgatttt at #tgcgtcgt    840 aagtagcttc atgcactgat agaccatata tgttatggac ggatctttcc tc #aatgtaat    900 tgtcgtgaat caaatctttt ggagctgtgg tctctgggcc atcgaaaatc ga #aggctcgt    960 tcatatcatt ccaaatgaat aaattagtta aatcagccgg cagatccata aa #ccgttcga   1020 aaaaggactt ccaaatcttt tggccatatt tgcttatggt atcaatccat at #agaattac   1080 ctggccagca atgacctaca tagtcatttc cattgtgatc cttgactgct ac #attttcat   1140 taattaccct gtcactgatt tcataatctt tctttaaatg aggatcgatt ag #tacgacaa   1200 gatttctacc caactttttt aatttggata acagcctttt tggattggga aa #ggagtgct   1260 gcttccaagt aaaatatttt ttgtcgttcg tatactccaa gtccaaccaa at #aaaatcgt   1320 aaggaatcat atgagcatcc atctgagagt ccactgtgag aacgtccatc tc #atcattat   1380 aattccatct acattgatgg taccctatag aggaaatggg cggtaaaaag gg #tctaccag   1440 tcaaatcggt aaatttgtca atgatagttg gaatatctgg ccccagggac at #gactacat   1500 ctatgacacc attttcggag atccaatgag tcatcgtttt atttttactg gt #gtcatact   1560 ttatgtctac ccaagtgtca gctgcattga cccaaaagat agatgtggac ga #agatgaaa   1620 acatgaatgg gatcgaaccg tacattggtt ggctggtacc gatgttgtac tc #aaagacat   1680 caacgttgaa aagcctgtag ggttcctttc cacctgaagt gtccatcagc ct #tagcgacg   1740 tcgcatgttc cggtataccg tagacattag tagaacccat gaaagagaaa tc #tagcgcaa   1800 ccgattcagg ccccaaaggc atagagtcat gctttgaata caagaaattg tc #cttaaaca   1860 tgttgaaagt tgtttcttct ggcagcacgt gtgcgaagtt ttcctgctta gt #tctatgat   1920 gttcaatgtt caggaaattt tgctcgttta caataagttt cagcgcattt tg #ccagtaaa   1980 ctttcaattg aaaaggttca gcaaagattt ctacggatac atcaccgttt cg #aagatgaa   2040 atgtgtctgc agtggagttt gaaagtgaca aaaatgaaga tattttcgac ca #gaatgagt   2100 tcacagtttg tttttgctta aggaagtgga attgtggaat actggtcctg tt #cgcctcct   2160 cttgaaattt cttgtcgaat gcgtacttcc aggtctcatt gaaccgttgt ga #agagatca   2220 acaaaccgct gctgttggtt ggcattctct ctttctcatt tatagtgaac ct #tactgagt   2280 gatcctgtaa aaaagagaga gagaatggga actgaacggc tatatcatcg cc #ctccaatc   2340 ttggtatagt tttaattatg gtagcatgaa gcacattctc taaaggatcg tg #tgcaatag   2400 actcggcgtc cactttgtaa tagcagtgat gagatttggc aatattttct gc #ataaaccc   2460 tgtttctatg gcaaaaccca gattgcgcac acttctttaa tagatagtcg gt #aaacgcat   2520 gcgaaaaagc ggtaaagaag accaattggc atacgagcca tttcaaaagg ac #catctcga   2580 ggtaccgatc cgagacggcc ggctgggcca cgtgaattcc tcgtttcgaa at #agttgttc   2640 aattgattga aatagggaca aataaattaa atttaaagtc tttgggtcag ga #gaaaccaa   2700 aattgggaaa ggtgttcgcc ttttatattc gattctggtg gtttccaata at #ctcatgac   2760 atgcgtccgc ccgctattat tgccagcgac ggccgggact tttccatccc tg #ggctgcta   2820 ggtcgggtac acgacctccg ttttacccgc aacgtaatgc tgggaagagc at #tgctgcaa   2880 gggggccgta gaagaagctc tccagcagag taaaatttcc tagggacggt aa #cgggcggt   2940 ggaaggagag agaagggaag agacgtttct ggttccatta ctccacattt aa #gttttacc   3000 ccggagaatt ttacgttgcc agcaggtcgt tcggagttgc aacggagcca ga #tatttcag   3060 agatggctac ctgattggac gaggacacca agacatttct acaaaaaaga tc #tgatctca   3120 tcgaccggct gcattaatga atcggccaac gcgcggggag aggcggtttg cg #tattgggc   3180 gctcttccgc ttcctcgctc actgactcgc tgcgctcggt cgttcggctg cg #gcgagcgg   3240 tatcagctca ctcaaaggcg gtaatacggt tatccacaga atcaggggat aa #cgcaggaa   3300 agaacatgtg agcaaaaggc cagcaaaagg ccaggaaccg taaaaaggcc gc #gttgctgg   3360 cgtttttcca taggctccgc ccccctgacg agcatcacaa aaatcgacgc tc #aagtcaga   3420 ggtggcgaaa cccgacagga ctataaagat accaggcgtt tccccctgga ag #ctccctcg   3480 tgcgctctcc tgttccgacc ctgccgctta ccggatacct gtccgccttt ct #cccttcgg   3540 gaagcgtggc gctttctcat agctcacgct gtaggtatct cagttcggtg ta #ggtcgttc   3600 gctccaagct gggctgtgtg cacgaacccc ccgttcagcc cgaccgctgc gc #cttatccg   3660 gtaactatcg tcttgagtcc aacccggtaa gacacgactt atcgccactg gc #agcagcca   3720 ctggtaacag gattagcaga gcgaggtatg taggcggtgc tacagagttc tt #gaagtggt   3780 ggcctaacta cggctacact agaaggacag tatttggtat ctgcgctctg ct #gaagccag   3840 ttaccttcgg aaaaagagtt ggtagctctt gatccggcaa acaaaccacc gc #tggtagcg   3900 gtggtttttt tgtttgcaag cagcagatta cgcgcagaaa aaaaggatct ca #agaagatc   3960 ctttgatctt ttctacgggg tctgacgctc agtggaacga aaactcacgt ta #agggattt   4020 tggtcatgag attatcaaaa aggatcttca cctagatcct tttaaattaa aa #atgaagtt   4080 ttaaatcaat ctaaagtata tatgagtaaa cttggtctga cagttaccaa tg #cttaatca   4140 gtgaggcacc tatctcagcg atctgtctat ttcgttcatc catagttgcc tg #actccccg   4200 tcgtgtagat aactacgata cgggagggct taccatctgg ccccagtgct gc #aatgatac   4260 cgcgagaccc acgctcaccg gctccagatt tatcagcaat aaaccagcca gc #cggaaggg   4320 ccgagcgcag aagtggtcct gcaactttat ccgcctccat ccagtctatt aa #ttgttgcc   4380 gggaagctag agtaagtagt tcgccagtta atagtttgcg caacgttgtt gc #cattgcta   4440 caggcatcgt ggtgtcacgc tcgtcgtttg gtatggcttc attcagctcc gg #ttcccaac   4500 gatcaaggcg agttacatga tcccccatgt tgtgcaaaaa agcggttagc tc #cttcggtc   4560 ctccgatcgt tgtcagaagt aagttggccg cagtgttatc actcatggtt at #ggcagcac   4620 tgcataattc tcttactgtc atgccatccg taagatgctt ttctgtgact gg #tgagtact   4680 caaccaagtc attctgagaa tagtgtatgc ggcgaccgag ttgctcttgc cc #ggcgtcaa   4740 tacgggataa taccgcgcca catagcagaa ctttaaaagt gctcatcatt gg #aaaacgtt   4800 cttcggggcg aaaactctca aggatcttac cgctgttgag atccagttcg at #gtaaccca   4860 ctcgtgcacc caactgatct tcagcatctt ttactttcac cagcgtttct gg #gtgagcaa   4920 aaacaggaag gcaaaatgcc gcaaaaaagg gaataagggc gacacggaaa tg #ttgaatac   4980 tcatactctt cctttttcaa tagctccaag gcaacaaatt gactactcag ac #cgacattc   5040 attcgttatt gattttaaat caacgataaa cggaatggtt acttgaatga tt #tcacttta   5100 tgatcattgt ttactaatta cctaaatagg attttatatg gaattggaag aa #taagggaa   5160 atttcagatg tctgaaaaag gcgaggaggg tactaatcat tcaagcccat tt #cttgccag   5220 taattgcttc ataagcttca atatactttt ctttactctt gatagcaatt tc #tgcatcca   5280 tggctacgcc ctctttgcca ttcaatccgt tggccgtcaa ccaatctctg ag #aaactgct   5340 tatcgtaact ctcttgcgat ttacccactt ggtaagtctt ttgattccaa aa #tctagaag   5400 aatctggagt taaaacttca tctactagta ccaattcatt gttttcgtcc ag #tccaaatt   5460 cgaatttcgt atcagcaata atgatcccct tcaaaagggc gaagtttttt gc #agcagaat   5520 acaactcgac cgccttgaca gcgaccttct cacaaatgtc tttacctaca at #ctcagcag   5580 cttgttcaat agagatgttt tcatcgtgtt caccctgttc agctttcgtt ga #aggtgtga   5640 aaatcggagt tggaaaggcg tcgctctctt gaaggttctc gttttcaacc tt #gactccat   5700 ggacagtttt tgagttcttg tactctttcc atgcacttcc agtgatgtaa cc #tctgacaa   5760 tggcttccaa aggtatcagt ctgtgctttt ttactatcaa ggatcgtccc tc #taattgag   5820 atttgtattt ttcttcagac agttttgatg gtagtaaagc aaagacttcc tt #gtcattag   5880 aagcaaccaa atgattcttt atgtagggtg ccaaaaaatc aaaccagaaa ac #tgagagct   5940 gagtcaaaat ctttccctta tcaggaatac cgtttgtcat aatcacatcg ta #agcggaga   6000 tacggtcagt tgcgacgaac agcaagttgt tctcatcgac tgcataaatg tc #tctaacct   6060 ttcctttggc gattaaaggt aggattccgt ccagatcagt gttcacaatg ga #catacttg   6120 gaaggataca gcaaagtgtg ttggaagcga tgacacatgg aaaggaattt tt #cgagtttc   6180 ctagagtagt atattggggc ggtgaaagtt cagatgttta atgcttaata ct #cttatact   6240 cttcaaagcg cccaagtgtt tctgccaacc tgactttttt ctgaataatg aa #tcgttcaa   6300 gtggagtatt taaaccatga ttaagttacg tgatttggca ctggataagg tc #gaaaaata   6360 tccgtattca taaacgatta ttggtaaaag ttacaaaata ccactaatta cg #gagaagct   6420 tagtaacagt tatcatctct tggtcgatta acgcttacaa tttccattcg cc #attcaggc   6480 tgcgcaactg ttgggaaggg cgatcggtgc gggcctcttc gctattacgc ca #gggcctcg   6540 aggcacaaac gaacgtctca cttaatcttc tgtactctga agaggagtgg ga #aataccaa   6600 gaaaaacatc aaactcgaat gattttccca aacccctacc acaagatatt ca #tcagctgc   6660 gagataggct gatcaggagc aagctcgtac gagaagaaac aaaatgacaa aa #aaaatcct   6720 atactatata ggttacaaat aaaaaagtat caaaaatgaa gcctgcatct ct #caggcaaa   6780 tggcattctg acatcctctt gattagaatc tagcaagacc ggtcttctcg ta #agtgccca   6840 acttgaactg aggaacagtc atgtctaagg ctaaaactca cagttcgtcg tg #gtcgacgg   6900 cgctattcag atcctcttct gagatgagtt tttgttcggg cccaaaaata ac #ttcccaat   6960 cttcagttat gtcaagcgat aggttaagaa tggtgatctt attatcattc tc #atatgacg   7020 atctagtcgg caatgaactt tcttcgccat tttttttgac tttaatactg tc #tttcaacg   7080 ttatgttgtg ttgtaaatta ttctttgcga taatgatttt ttcaatattg gt #attcctca   7140 aagtattgtg gtgaatgcct gtcaaattct cgggaatatg acttcgaaca tt #ttttaagg   7200 tattgttttc gaaaatgaac tgagtttcta          #                   #         7230 <210> SEQ ID NO 26 <211> LENGTH: 32 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial  #Sequence:primer <400> SEQUENCE: 26 gacgagatct ttttttcaga ccatatgacc gg        #                   #          32 <210> SEQ ID NO 27 <211> LENGTH: 31 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial  #Sequence:primer <400> SEQUENCE: 27 gcggaattct tttctcagtt gatttgtttg t         #                   #          31 <210> SEQ ID NO 28 <211> LENGTH: 45 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial  #Sequence:primer <400> SEQUENCE: 28 gcgggtcgac cacgacgaac tgtgagtttt agccttagac atgac    #                   #45 <210> SEQ ID NO 29 <211> LENGTH: 21 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial  #Sequence:primer <400> SEQUENCE: 29 caggagcaaa gctcgtacga g            #                   #                   #21 

We claim:
 1. A genetically engineered methylotrophic yeast strain, wherein said strain is transformed with a vector capable of expressing an α-1,2-mannosidase or a functional part of said α-1,2-mannosidase in said methylotrophic yeast strain and a vector capable of expressing a glucosidase II or a functional part of said glucosidase II in said methylotrophic yeast strain, wherein said vector capable of expressing said α-1,2-mannosidase or said functional part of said α-1,2-mannosidase comprises a nucleotide sequence coding for said α-1,2-mannosidase or said functional part of said α-1,2-mannosidase, and said vector capable of expressing said glucosidase II or said functional part of said glucosidase II comprises a nucleotide sequence coding for said glucosidase II or said functional part of said glucosidase II.
 2. A method of reducing glycosylation of a heterologous glycoprotein expressed from a methylotrophic yeast, comprising transforming cells of said methylotrophic yeast with a vector capable of expressing an α-1,2-mannosidase or a functional part of said α-1,2-mannosidase in said methylotrophic yeast, and with a vector capable of expressing a glucosidase II or a functional part of said glucosidase II in said methylotrophic yeast, wherein said vector capable of expressing said α-1,2-mannosidase or said functional part of said α-1,2-mannosidase comprises a nucleotide sequence coding for said α-1,2-mannosidase or said functional part of said α-1,2-mannosidase, and said vector capable of expressing said glucosidase II or said functional part of said glucosidase II comprises a nucleotide sequence coding for said glucosidase II or said functional part of said glucosidase II; and thereby reducing glycosylation of said heterologous glycoprotein.
 3. A method of producing a glycoprotein with reduced glycosylation in a methylotrophic yeast, comprising transforming cells of said methylotrophic yeast with a nucleotide sequence capable of expressing said glycoprotein in said yeast, a vector capable of expressing an α-1,2-mannosidase or a functional part of said α-1,2-mannosidase, and a vector capable of expressing a glucosidase II or a functional part of said glucosidase II, wherein said vector capable of expressing said α-1,2-mannosidase or said functional part of said α-1,2-mannosidase comprises a nucleotide sequence coding for said α-1,2-mannosidase or said functional part of said α-1,2-mannosidase, and said vector capable of expressing said glucosidase II or said functional part of said glucosidase II comprises a nucleotide sequence coding for said glucosidase II or said functional part of said glucosidase II; and producing said glycoprotein in the transformed cells.
 4. A kit comprising at least a vector capable of expressing an α-1,2-mannosidase or a functional part of said α-1,2-mannosidase in a methylotrophic yeast strain, and a vector capable of expressing a glucosidase II or a functional part of said glucosidase II in a methylotrophic yeast strain, wherein said vector capable of expressing said α-1,2-mannosidase or said functional part of said α-1,2-mannosidase comprises a nucleotide sequence coding for said α-1,2-mannosidase or said functional part of said α-1,2-mannosidase, and said vector capable of expressing said glucosidase II or said functional part of said glucosidase II comprises a nucleotide sequence coding for said glucosidase II or said functional part of said glucosidase II.
 5. A genetically engineered Pichia strain, wherein said strain is transformed with a vector capable of expressing an α-1,2-mannosidase or a functional part of said α-1,2-mannosidase in said Pichia strain, a vector capable of expressing a glucosidase II or a functional part of said glucosidase II in said Pichia strain, and a vector comprising a portion of the Pichia pastoris Och1 gene operably linked to a selectable marker gene, wherein said vector capable of expressing said α-1,2-mannosidase or said functional part of said α-1,2-mannosidase comprises a nucleotide sequence coding for said α-1,2-mannosidase or said functional part of said α-1,2-mannosidase, said vector capable of expressing said glucosidase II or said functional part of said glucosidase II comprises a nucleotide sequence coding for said glucosidase II or said functional part of said glucosidase II, and said vector comprising said portion of the Pichia pastoris Och1 gene operably linked to said selectable marker gene effects the disruption of the genomic Och1 gene in said Pichia strain.
 6. A method of reducing glycosylation of a heterologous glycoprotein expressed from a Pichia strain, comprising transforming cells of said Pichia strain with a vector capable of expressing an α-1,2-mannosidase or a functional part of said α-1,2-mannosidase in said Pichia strain, a vector capable of expressing a glucosidase II or a functional part of said glucosidase II in said Pichia strain, and a vector comprising a portion of the Pichia pastoris Och1 gene operably linked to a selectable marker gene, wherein said vector capable of expressing said α-1,2-mannosidase or said functional part of said α-1,2-mannosidase comprises a nucleotide sequence coding for said α-1,2-mannosidase or said functional part of said α-1,2-mannosidase, said vector capable of expressing said glucosidase II or said functional part of said glucosidase II comprises a nucleotide sequence coding for said glucosidase II or said functional part of said glucosidase II, and said vector comprising said portion of the Pichia pastoris Och1 gene operably linked to said selectable marker gene effects the disruption of the genomic Och1 gene in the transformed cells of said Pichia strain; and thereby reducing glycosylation of said heterologous glycoprotein.
 7. A method of producing a glycoprotein with reduced glycosylation in a Pichia strain, comprising transforming cells of said Pichia strain with a nucleotide sequence capable of expressing said glycoprotein in the yeast cells, a vector capable of expressing an α-1,2-mannosidase or a functional part of said α-1,2-mannosidase in said Pichia strain, a vector capable of expressing a glucosidase II or a functional part of said glucosidase II in said Pichia strain, and a vector comprising a portion of the Pichia pastoris Och1 gene operably linked to a selectable marker gene, wherein said vector capable of expressing said α-1,2-mannosidase or said functional part of said α-1,2-mannosidase comprises a nucleotide sequence coding for said α-1,2-mannosidase or said functional part of said α-1,2-mannosidase, said vector capable of expressing said glucosidase II or said functional part of said glucosidase II comprises a nucleotide sequence coding for said glucosidase II or said functional part of said glucosidase II, and said vector comprising said portion of the Pichia pastoris Och1 gene operably linked to said selectable marker gene effects the disruption of the genomic Och1 gene in the transformed cells of said Pichia strain; and producing said glycoprotein from the transformed cells.
 8. A kit comprising a vector capable of expressing an α-1,2-mannosidase or a functional part of said α-1,2-mannosidase in a Pichia strain, a vector capable of expressing a glucosidase II or a functional part of said glucosidase II in said Pichia strain and a vector comprising a portion of the Pichia pastoris Och1 gene and a selectable marker gene, wherein said vector capable of expressing said α-1,2-mannosidase or said functional part comprises a nucleotide sequence coding for said α-1,2-mannosidase or said functional part of said α-1,2-mannosidase, said vector capable of expressing said glucosidase II or said functional part of said glucosidase II comprises a nucleotide sequence coding for said glucosidase II or said functional part of said glucosidase II, and said vector comprising said portion of the Och1 gene and said selectable marker gene effects the disruption of the genomic Och1 gene in said Pichia strain.
 9. The genetically engineered methylotrophic yeast strain of claim 1, wherein said α-1,2-mannosidase or said functional part of said α-1,2-mannosidase is genetically engineered to comprise an ER-retention signal.
 10. The genetically engineered methylotrophic yeast strain of claim 9, wherein said ER-retention signal comprises peptide HDEL (SEQ ID NO: 1).
 11. The method of claim 2, wherein said α-1,2-mannosidase or said functional part of said α-1,2-mannosidase is genetically engineered to comprise an ER-retention signal.
 12. The method of claim 11, wherein said ER-retention signal comprises peptide HDEL (SEQ ID NO: 1).
 13. The kit of claim 8, wherein said α-1,2-mannosidase or said functional part of said α-1,2-mannosidase is genetically engineered to commise an ER-retention signal.
 14. The kit of claim 13, wherein said ER-retention signal comprises peptide HDEL (SEQ ID NO: 1).
 15. The genetically engineered methylotrophic yeast strain of claim 1, wherein said glucosidase II or said functional part of said glucosidase II is genetically enaineered to comprise an ER-retention signal.
 16. The genetically engineered methylotrophic yeast strain of claim 15, wherein said ER-retention signal comprises peptide HDEL (SEQ ID NO: 1).
 17. The method of any one of claims 2, 3, or 6-7, wherein said glucosidase II or said functional part of said glucosidase II is genetically engineered to comprise an ER-retention signal.
 18. The method of claim 17, wherein said ER-retention signal comprises peptide HDEL (SEQ ID NO: 1).
 19. The kit of claim 4 or 8, wherein said glucosidase II or said functional part of said glucosidase II is genetically engineered to comprise an ER-retention signal.
 20. The kit of claim 19, wherein said ER-retention signal comprises peptide HDEL (SEQ ID NO: 1).
 21. The Pichia strain of claim 5, wherein said α-1,2-mannosidase or said functional part of said α-1,2-mannosidase is genetically engineered to comprise an ER-retention signal.
 22. The Pichia strain of claim 21, wherein said ER-retention signal comprises peptide HDEL (SEQ ID NO: 1).
 23. The Pichia strain of claim 5, wherein said glucosidase II or said functional part of said glucosidase II is genetically engineered to comprise an ER-retention signal.
 24. The Pichia strain of claim 23, wherein said ER-retention signal comprises peptide HDEL (SEQ ID NO: 1).
 25. The strain of claim 1 or 5, wherein said nucleotide sequence coding for said α-1,2-mannosidase or said functional part of said α-1,2-mannosidase and said nucleotide sequence coding for said glucosidase II or said functional part of said glucosidase II are on the same vector.
 26. The method according to any one of claims 1, 3, or 6-7 wherein said nucleotide sequence coding for said α-1,2-mannosidase or said functional part of said α-1,2-mannosidase and said nucleotide sequence coding for said glucosidase II or said functional part of said glucosidase II are on the same vector.
 27. The strain of claim 5, wherein said portion of the Pichia pastoris Och1 gene is on the same vector as either or both of the nucleotide sequence coding for said α-1,2-mannosidase or said functional part of said α-1,2-mannosidase, and the nucleotide sequence coding for said glucosidase II or said functional part of said glucosidase II.
 28. The method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein said portion of the Pichia pastoris Och1 gene is on the same vector as either or both of the nucleotide sequence coding for said α-1,2-mannosidase or said functional part of said α-1,2-mannosidase, and the nucleotide sequence coding for said glucosidase II or said functional part of said glucosidase II. 